Political Revival: The Holy Roman Empire

1
Political Revival The Holy Roman Empire
2
(No Transcript)
3
The Founding of the Holy Roman Empire

• East Franks Kingdom of Italy
• dukes as independent tribal rulers (localism)
• Otto the Great
• drive to the East
• firm base b/c alliance w/ clergy
• lay investiture
• crowned emperor by Pope whom he later deposed

4
Ottos Successors and the Gathering Opposition

• Protector of Christian order
• Elected (German tradition)
• Religious reform
• secular rulers as agents of Church
• simony buying/selling of Church offices
• College of Cardinals group which choose Pope
• lay investiture illegal

5
The Investiture Struggle

• 1075 Henry IV vs. Pope Gregory VII
• the false monk
• Excommunication
• Election
• Penitence
• Exile
• Normans

6
The Investiture Struggle

• Concordat of Worms
• Election of ecclesiastical offices by Church
• Lands invested by secular ruler
• Less hierarchical
• Monarchy remains weak
• Nobles very powerful

7
The Hohenstaufens

• Frederick I, Barbarossa (Ghibellines)
• Holy Roman Empire
• Pope Alexander III (Guelfs)
• Lombard League
• Battle of Legnano
• Peace of Constance independence of Italian towns