Title: Traffic Flow in Networks: Scaling Conjectures, Physical Evidence, and Control Applications
1Traffic Flow in NetworksScaling Conjectures,
Physical Evidence, and Control Applications
Carlos F. Daganzo U.C. Berkeley Center for Future
Urban Transport www.its.berkeley.edu/volvocenter/
2References
- Daganzo, C.F. (1996) The nature of freeway
gridlock and how to prevent it" in Transportation
and Traffic Theory, Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Trans.
Traffic Theory (J.B. Lesort, ed) pp. 629 646,
Pergamon Elsevier, Tarrytown, N.Y. - Daganzo, C.F. (2007) Urban gridlock macroscopic
modeling and mitigation approaches
Transportation Research B 41, 49-62
corrigendum Transportation Research B 41, 379. - Daganzo, C.F. and Geroliminis, N. (2007) How to
predict the macroscopic fundamental diagram of
urban traffic Working paper, Volvo Center of
Excellence on Future Urban Transport, Univ. of
California, Berkeley, CA (submitted). - Geroliminis N., Daganzo C.F. (2007a) Macroscopic
modeling of traffic in cities 86th Annual
Meeting Transportation Research Board, Washington
D.C. - Geroliminis, N. and Daganzo, C.F. (2007b)
Existence of urban-scale macroscopic fundamental
diagrams some experimental findings Working
paper, Volvo Center of Excellence on Future Urban
Transport, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA
(submitted).
2
3Definitions
Flow, q VKT / TL (veh/hr) Density, k VHT /
TL (veh/km) Speed, v VKT / VHT
(km/hr) C-rate, f Completions / TL
(veh/km-hr)
(Daganzo, 1996)
4Link Laws
- (q, k, v) related by FD
- q / f d
- Optimal density (Capacity Max C-rate)
(Daganzo, 2007)
5Composition J Identical Links
(Daganzo, 2007)
6Conjectures
Network of identical links
- Real Networks
- An MFD exists
- Trip completions / Network flow Constant
(Daganzo, 2007)
7San Francisco Simulation No Control
Outflow
Vehicle Accumulation
(Geroliminis Daganzo, 2007a)
8Real World Experiment Site Description
- Fixed sensors
- 500 ultrasonic detectors
- Occupancy and Counts per 5min
- Mobile sensors
- 140 taxis with GPS
- Time and position
- Other relevant data
- (stops, hazard lights, blinkers etc)
- Geometric data
- Road maps
- (detector locations, link lengths, intersection
control, etc.)
10 km2
(Dec. 2001 data)
(Geroliminis Daganzo, 2007b)
9Real World Experiment The Demand
Occupancy by time-of-day
Flow by time-of-day
(Geroliminis Daganzo, 2007b)
10Real World Experiment The Detectors
qi (dimensionless)
oi ()
11Real World Experiment The Detectors
(Geroliminis Daganzo, 2007b)
12Real World ExperimentTaxis
Conjecture Passenger carrying taxis use the same
parts of the network as cars
Then
(Geroliminis Daganzo, 2007b)
13Filters to determine full vs. empty taxis
- A stop is a passenger move, if
- hazard lights are ON or
- parking brake is used or
- left blinker is ON and taxi stops gt 45 sec or
- speed lt 3 km/hr for gt60sec
- A trip is valid if
- trip duration gt 5 min and length gt 1.5 km and
- trip distance lt 2 Euclidean distance
(Geroliminis Daganzo, 2007b)
14Illustration of Filter Results
(Geroliminis Daganzo, 2007b)
15Illustration of Filter Results (Cont.)
(Geroliminis Daganzo, 2007b)
16Real World ExperimentTaxis
Conjecture Passenger carrying taxis use the same
parts of the network as cars
Then
(Geroliminis Daganzo, 2007b)
17Real World Experiment Results
(Geroliminis Daganzo, 2007b)
18Aggregate Dynamics
- Given inflow qin
- Output e G(n)
qin
e G(n)
n
(Daganzo, 2007)
19Finding Effect of Control
No Control
With Control
Trips Ended
Time
Trips Ended
Time
Restrict vehicles from entering
(Geroliminis Daganzo, 2007a)
20Ring Road Simulation No Control
(Daganzo, 1996)
21Ring Road Simulation Control
(Daganzo, 1996)
22Ongoing Work San Francisco
(Daganzo Geroliminis , 2007)