POWERTRAIN DESIGN GROUP MEETING

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POWERTRAIN DESIGN GROUP MEETING 3
ADVISOR 2.0
Sachin Kumar Porandla Advisor Dr. Wenzhong Gao
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Outline

• Need for simulation tools
• What is ADVISOR
• Working Principle
• ADVISOR GUI
• Simulation of HEV
• Limitations
• References

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• Need for Simulation tools

• Many configurations / energy management / control
  strategies
• Analytical solution is difficult
• Prototyping and testing is expensive time
  consuming
• Optimization can be arduous task since there are
  literally hundreds of parameters affecting its
  performance

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ADVISOR

• ADVISOR Advanced VehIcle SimulatOR

-- simulates conventional, electric, hybrid
(series, parallel, fuel cell) vehicles

• ADVISOR was created in 1994 to support DOE Hybrid
  program in NREL.
• Part of a larger system analysis effort from NREL
  and DOE
• Commercialized from 2002, available from AVL
  Powertrain Engineering Inc., Plymouth, Michigan.
• Downloaded by over 4000 people around the world

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• Advisor contd...

• ADVISOR operates in the MATLAB/Simulink
  environment

-- Matlab is chosen for its programming ability,
modeling flexibility, optimization toolbox and
visualization tools

• Vehicle data is provided in Matlab files (m
  files) and models are developed in Simulink
  (calculations)
• Empirical model using drivetrain component
  performances

• Graphical User Interface (GUI), allows the user
  to model any type of ICE/EV/HEV by easily
  changing the vehicle configuration and parameters
  without having to modify the Simulink block
  diagrams.

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Advisor contd
ADVISOR will allow the user to answer questions
like

• Was the vehicle able to follow the speed trace?
• How much fuel and/or electric energy were
  required in the attempt?
• How does the state-of-charge of the batteries
  fluctuate throughout a cycle?
• What were the peak powers delivered by the
  drivetrain components?
• What was the distribution of torques and speeds
  that the piston engine delivered?
• What was the average efficiency of the
  transmission?

• Predicts fuel economy, emissions, accel.
  performance and grade sustainability and
  optimization

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• Working Principle

• Advisor is a backward facing model with limited
  forward facing capabilities

• In backward-facing calculations, no driver
  behavior is required. The user must input the
  driving pattern, a velocity profile, called the
  speed trace. The force required to accelerate
  the vehicle is calculated and translated into
  torque. This procedure is repeated at each stage
  from the vehicle/road interface through the
  transmission, drivetrain,etc., until the fuel use
  or energy use is calculated

• In forward-facing calculations, the user inputs
  the driver model, then the simulator
  generates throttle and brake commands that are
  changed into engine torque, which is passed to
  the transmission model and passed through the
  drivetrain until a tractive force is computed.

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• Principle contd

HEV model
backward-facing model pass torque, speed, and
power requirement up the drivetrain
forward-facing model pass available torque,
speed, force and power through the drivetrain
represent model (data processing modules)
contains all data processing elements, such as
Sum and Product blocks and look-up tables,
necessary to model
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ADVISOR GUI
1. User can select his own vehicle
configuration components using drop-
down menus user can modify variables in
the variable list autosize acceln/grade
constraints and optimizing drivetrain
components 2. Graphical representation of
the powertrain selected 3. Shows the
performance information of the comp-
onents (efficiency contours, emission contours
and batteries
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• GUI contd

autosize window
acceln options
grade options
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GUI contd
1. User can select a drive- cycle/test
procedure, no. of cycles etc. Declare
initial conditions soc correction for HEV
2. Gradeability and acceln requirements
parametric analysis can be done 3. Views
drive cycle selected and associated
statistics/description
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GUI contd
Results Screen
1. Shows the fuel econ., gasoline
equivalent and distance covered 2. Emission
data 3. Acceln and Gradeability 4. Warnings
if the trace is not met or failed in
performance criteria 5. Plot control 6.
Graphs max. 4 plots
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• Simulation of a Hybrid Electric vehicle

• A default parallel HEV is simulated. The
  parameters can
• be obtained by just inserting parallel in
  drivetrain config
• menu box

• Objective is to minimize the
• engine size, meeting the constraints

Constraints
0 60 mph lt 12 s 40 60 mph lt 5.3s 0 85
mph lt 23.4s distance in 5 s gt 140 ft time in
0.25mi lt 20s max. accel. Rate gt 17 ft/s2 max.
speed gt 90mph gradeability
6 at 55mph
Meets the constraints at 41 kW
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• Simulation of a Hybrid Electric vehicle

meets constraints at 40 kW
meets constraints at 39 kW
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• Simulation of a Hybrid Electric vehicle

meets constraints at 38 kW
Fails to meet the grade- constraints at 37 kW
Minimum size of engine for this config. Can be 38
kW
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Limitations

• analysis tool, and not originally intended as a
  detailed design tool
• Component models are quasi-static, and cannot be
  used to predict phenomena with a time scale of
  less than a tenth of a second or so
• Physical vibrations, electric field oscillations
  and other dynamics cannot be captured using
  ADVISOR, however recent linkages with other tools
  such as Saber, Simplorer, and Sinda/Fluint allow
  a detailed study of these transients in those
  tools with the vehicle level impacts linked back
  into ADVISOR

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References

• Wipke, K., Cuddy, M., Burch, S., ADVISOR 2.1 A
  User-Friendly Advanced Powertrain Simulation
  Using a Combined Backward/Forward Approach, IEEE
  Transactions on Vehicular Technology Special
  Issue on Hybrid and Electric Vehicles. (8/99)
• Wipke K. et. al, ADVISOR 2.0 A
  Second-Generation Advanced Vehicle Simulator for
  Systems Analysis, NREL NAEVI 98 paper presented
  in Phoenix, AZ. (12/98)
• ADVISOR 2002 documentation
• K. M. Stevens, A versatile computer model for
  the design of the design and analysis of electric
  and hybrid drivetrains, Masters thesis, Texas
  AM Univ., 1996.
• J. Larminie and J. Lowry, Electric vehicle
  technology explained, John Wiley Sons, Ltd.,
  England, 2003