Application of SAT model in Computer Assisted EXercise

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Application of SAT model in Computer Assisted
EXercise
56 th Meeting NTG WG IT ED LUZERN 2000
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Agenda

• Introduction.
• Elements of CAX.
• The Systems Approach to Training.
• Minimalist Modeling Methodology.
• An Abstract of SOP for CAX.
• Conclusions.

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References

• NTG WG/ IT ED
• Pub 2 - The Principles of the Systems Approach to
  Training, May 1993.
• Pub 5 - Simulation in Training, Jun 1998.
• Paper 13 - Personal Development In Military
  Training, Oct 1996.
• Duan Marincic SOP - CAX in Slovenian Armed
  Forces, Ljubljana, December,1999,.
• Cobb, L.Minimalist modeling methodology, Corales
  Software, Carbondale 1996.

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Introduction

• Soldiers and their commanders with their staffs
  must be
• exposed to various battlefield conditions and
  environments in
• order to develop their skills and knowledge.
• The use of simulation models permits decision
  makers to
• determine nearly all outcomes of the war game.
• As an excellent and cheap instrument of analysis,
  simulation
• enable the effects of plans, tactics or doctrines
  to be tested in
• a variety of environments by repeating and
  replaying the
• scenario.

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Levels of Simulation
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 2
LEVEL 1
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Elements of CAX

• Technical element ( A ),
• Operational element ( C ),
• Educational element ( B ).
• We can express the relations between all elements
  with formula
•  
• A x B or A B
• C C

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Relations among elements
GIS Operational units A x B
CAX
C
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The Objective of Training
TASKS
Required knowledge / skills
Personal characteristics
Final training objectives
Personal development objectives
Subordinate objectives
Experience
INTERNAL - EXTERNAL VALIDATION / EVALUATION
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The Systems Approach to Training

• A system has been defined as a set of parts
  co-ordinated to accomplish a set of goals.

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Minimalist Modeling Methodology

• The purpose of minimalist modeling is to allow
  the analyst to focus attention and detail on one
  or two vital areas of interest.
• This method consists of five fundamental ideas
• Structural simplicity
• Behavioral simplicity
• Mathematical elegance
• Statistical analysis
• Organic units.

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Deterministic and stochastic modeling

• Whereas a determinist might say, If you stand
  there, the bomb will kill you, minimalist will
  only say, Your survival probability is
  inversely related to your proximity to the bomb.

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An Abstract of SOP for CAX

• Computer Assisted Exercise provide advanced
  collective training of essential battlefield
  managment and decision-making skills at the
  battalion, brigade, corps and division command
  and staff levels.
• The exercise uses computer simulation enhanced by
  response cells to stimulate command and control
  processes.

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Simulation sequence
Gameboard
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Battlefield Operating Systems
MISSION
METT - T
PRINCIPLES OF LOW LEVEL INTENSITY CONFLICT
PRINCIPLES OF WAR
C4I
PLANNING AND EXECUTION
TACTICS, TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES
MANEUVER
NBC
ENG
CIMIC
PSYOP
COMMAND AND CONTROL
MOBILITY AND SURVIVABILITY
COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT
FIRE SUPPORT
AIR DEFENSE
INTELLIGENCE
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The Intelligence Cycle
Plan and
Direct
Determine Threat Courses of Action
Define the

Battlefield
Environment
Dissem-
Collect
MISSION
inate
Describe the
Evaluate the Threat
Battlefield's
Process
Produce
Effects
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EXERCISE PLANNING

• Planning conferences
• Define exercise objectives.
• Determine areas of responsibility
• SIMCEN EXERCISING HQ.
• Determine training audience.
• Define scenario.
• Define exercise control structure.
• Database and/or MSEL build.
• Testing.
• Conduct operators and players training.
• Mini CAX.
• CAX.
• AAR.

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ROAD TO EXECUTION

• Concept Development Conference ( CDC )
• Initial Planning Conference ( IPC )
• Main Planning Conference ( MPC )
• Final Planning Conference ( FPC )
• Final Co-ordination Conference ( FCC )

DATABASE FREEZE
EVENT SCHEDULED
CDC IPC
MPC
FPC FCC CAX
18 14 12

6 3
2 1 0

MONTHS FROM EXECUTION
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COMPRESSED SCHEDULING
Standard Template
DATABASE FREEZE
EVENT SCHEDULED
CDC IPC
MPC
FPC FCC CAX
18 14 12

6 3
2 1 0

MONTHS FROM EXECUTION
Compressed Template
EVENT SCHEDULED
DATABASE FREEZE
IPC
FPC

CAX
10 9

3
1 0

WEEKS FROM EXECUTION
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Daily Staff Routine
EXECUTION PHASE
INFORMATION PHASE
ASSESSMENT PHASE
ANALYSIS PHASE
DECISION PHASE
07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
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Exercise Control AAR
EXERCISE DIRECTOR
CONTROLLERS
EXERCISE CONTROL
ANALYSIS
TRAINING ENVIRONMENT
TRAINING AUDIENCE
TRAINING OBJECTIVES
LESSONS LEARNED
SIMULATION RESULTS
BATTLE STAFF ACTIONS
EXECUTION
PLAN
HORUS
POST HORUS
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Exercise Control
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AFTER ACTION REVIEW

• Focuses Training Audience on the Exercise
  Training Objectives.
• DISTAFF ( operational assessment), CONTROLLERS (
  educational assessment ) and ANALYSTS ( technical
  assessment ) have obligation to present FEEDBACK
  to all participants due to certain criteria.
• AAR elements
• Training Objectives
• Exercise Control
• Training Environment
• Simulation Results
• Execution
• Lessons Learned.

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AAR PROCESS
HOW TO DO IT BETTER NEXT TIME
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CONCLUSIONS

• From a learning standpoint, simulation allows
  realistic experimentation in a context sometimes
  difficult or impossible to replicate with the
  real equipment.
• Leaders with an eye to the future have to develop
  their vision with simulators based on a careful
  analysis of their experiences in sufficient
  detail to be of actual use in the future.

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QUESTIONS ?
END