?????

1
?????? 12

• ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????
  ??????

2
???? ???????? (????????? ? ?????), ?????????? ????
3
????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????
????????
4
?????????

• ????????? (?) ???????? ??????? ???? ????.
  ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ? ????????? ????????.
  ???????? ? ???? ???? ????? 1. ??????? ????, 2.
  ????????? ????, 3. ????????? ????, 4. ?????????
  ????, 5. ????????? ????. ? ????? ???????? ?
  ?????? (?), ????????? ? ??? ?????????? ? ????
  ????????. ? - ???????????? ???????? ???????? ????
  ????. ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ? ?????????? ?????????
  ? ????????. ????????, ??????? ???? ??????????
  ??????? ?? ??????????? ??????, ??????? ???
  ????????? ? ?????? ? ???????? ??????. ? ??????
  ????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? (??????????),
  ??????? ??? ???????????? ????????????? ????????
  ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????, ???????
  ????????????? ???????? ? ?????? ???????????
  ????????. ? ????? ?????? ????? ??????????,
  ???????? ? ?????, ????????????? ??? ??????????
  ??????????? ???? (?????????). ?????? ?????
  ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??????,
  ?????????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????.

5
????? ????? ?????????? ????????. ????????? ??????
??????????????? ???????????? ???????????, ?
????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ????????
??????????? ???? ???????? ? ?????????
???????????. ???????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?
?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ?????????
???????????, ??????????? ? ????????? ????. (??
Montagna, Parakkal 1974.)
6

?????????? ?????????? ???? ????????
??????????? ? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?
?????????? ????? ??????? ??????. ?? ??? ??????
?????? ? ????????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ????
???????????? ????. ??? ??? ?????? ?????????
?????? ??? ??????????? ??? ???????? ????.
7

• ????????? ??????????????, ???????? ?? ????
  ???????? ?? ????? ? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????
  ?????? ????????????, ??????????, ??????
  ??????????? ? ?????? ???????.
• ???????????? ?????????? 95 ?????? ??????????.
• ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????,
  ???????? ??????? ? ???????? ???????????? ??????
  ???????? ??????.
• ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????
  ??????, ?? ????? ? ?, ??? ???????? ???????
  ??????? ?.?. ??????? ???????. ? ????? ???
  ???????????? ? ?????????? ? ????? ???? ??????????
  ? ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ????????????. ??????
  ??????????? ? ? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?
  ????????? ????. ??? ?????????? ????????????????
  ?? ????????? ? ????????? ???????? "Gr-1" (?????
  ????????? ??? "Ly-6c/G"). ?? ???????????????
  ?????????? ??? ????????? ?????????????????????
  ???????-1 (CSF-1). ????????????? ? ?? ??????????
  ??? ?????????? ??????????.
• ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????
  ???????????. ??? ??????? ? ???????? ???????? ?
  ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????
  ???? ????, ?????????? ??? ????????? ??????
  ???????. ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ?
  ????????? ????? ? (stratum germinativum) ????
  ???????????. ? ????????????? ??? ??????????
  ?????? ?????????? ???? ?. ? ???? ?????
  ????????????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????
  (??????? ????????? ???????), ???????, ?????? ?
  ???????? ???????, ???????? ?? ????????. ??????
  ??????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ????????
  ??????.

8
?????

• ????? (???. dermis, ?? ????. dérma ????),
  ?????? (???.corium, ?? ????. chórion ????),
  ????? ?????????? ????, ?????????????-???????
  ????? ???? ? ??????????? ???????? ? ????????,
  ????????????? ????? ??????????? ? ????????????
  ????????, ? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????
  ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??????
  ?????????????? ?????, ????? ??????? ????????
  ???????????.

9

• ????? ??????? ?? 2 ?????. ????????????? ????
  (??????????, ????????, ????????????????)
  ????????? ? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?
  ??? ??????????? (?????, ??????, ?????) ?? ?????
  ????????, ????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ? ?
  ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? (???????),
  ????????? ? ????? ??????????. ????????????? ???
  ??? ???? (????????, ????????????, ??????????),
  ???????????? ??????? ????? ?????, ???????????
  ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ? ????????? ?
  ???????? ??????? ???????.

10
????
11
??????
12
???????? ????????? ???????
???????? ????????? ?????????? ? ???? ?????
????????. A ????????????? ?????? ??????????
???? ?????????? ??????????????? ? ?????????
???????????? ? ?????. ? ?????????????
?????? ?????????? ???????????????, ? ???????????
?????? ????? ?????????? ? ????????? ??????????
??????? ??????, ??? ????????? ?????????? ???????.
? ? ???????????? ??????? ??????
???????? ?????????????????? ????????? ????????. ?
?? ?????????? ????????? ??c??????
?????????????????? ???????? ??????, ?????????
????? ???????? ??????? ??????, ? ???? ??
????????? ???????, ? ????- ??? ?????
????????????? ????????? ?????? ??????, ?????????
?????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????. ?
?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????. (?? Hardy
1992 ? Miller et al. 1993)
13

???????

??????????


(Gilbert,


2003).
??????? ????? ? ???????????? ??????????. A
??????? ?????? ????. ? ??????? ?? ???? ??
??????, ?? ? ??????? ??????? ???????- ??? TGF-a ?
?????????????. ? ???? ?????????? ???? ? ?????
???? ??????. ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????? ????
?? ????. ? ????, ???????- ?????????? ???????
?????????? TGF-a , ????- ??? ????
??????????????????? ????????, ???????
???????????. ? ??????????? ????, ???????????????
?? ?????? ??????? ????????? KGF ? ?????????????.
???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????
?????? ???????????, ???? ? ????. ?? ????? ???? ??
????? ????????? ????????? ? ????????? ??????????
????????? ?????? ??????????. (?, ? ?? Vassar,
Fuchs 1991 Guo et al. 1993, ???? Fuchs.)
14
??????? ????, ????????????? ? ?????????
?????????? ????? Dickkopf (Gilbert, 2003)
15
? ??????????? ? ??????????? ???? ?? ??????
??????. ? ??????????? ???? ? ????????? ??????????
??????????????? ??? dickkopf, ?????????
?????????? ???? Wnt ? ????? ?????????? ? ?????. ?
???? ??? ??????. ?,? ????? ???? ????????????
(?) ? ???????????? (?) 14,5-??????? ????????? ?
??????????? ???? ??????????? ???????. ?,? ?????
???? ??????????? (?) ? ??????????? (?) ???? ??
18, 5 ????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????
????????? ? ??????????? ???? ??????????? (??
Andl et al. 2002)
16
(?? Gilbert, 2003)
?????????? ????? ? ??????????? ???? ? ???????????
????, ???- ???????????? Dickkopf. ???????????? in
situ (??????? ????, ???????) ? 15-????????
?????????, ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????
???- ???. ?, ? Wnt10b ?, ? ß-??????? ?,?
???????? ??????????- ???? ?,? BMP4 ?,?
Gli1, ???????????? Sonic-hedgehog (????????? ??
??????????? Sonic hedgehog). ? ????? ??? ????,
????- ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?
????. (?? Andl et al. 2002).
17
???????? ?????

• The tooth bud (sometimes called the tooth germ)
  is an aggregation of cells that eventually forms
  a tooth.These cells are derived from the ectoderm
  of the first branchial arch and the
  ectomesenchyme of the neural crest.The tooth bud
  is organized into three parts the enamel organ,
  the dental papilla and the dental follicle.

18
??????????????? ???? ??????? ????A enamel
organB dental papillaC dental follicle
19
????????? ???????? ????
20
???????????? ????

• Tooth development is commonly divided into the
  following stages the bud stage, the cap, the
  bell, and finally maturation.
• The staging of tooth development is an attempt
  to categorize changes that take place along a
  continuum frequently it is difficult to decide
  what stage should be assigned to a particular
  developing tooth. This determination is further
  complicated by the varying appearance of
  different histologic sections of the same
  developing tooth, which can appear to be
  different stages.

21

• The enamel organ is composed of the outer enamel
  epithelium,inner enamel epithelium, stellate
  reticulum and stratum intermedium. These cells
  give rise to ameloblasts, which produce enamel
  and the reduced enamel epithelium. The location
  where the outer enamel epithelium and inner
  enamel epithelium join is called the cervical
  loop. The growth of cervical loop cells into the
  deeper tissues forms Hertwigs Epithelial Root
  Sheath, which determines the root shape of the
  tooth.
• The dental papilla contains cells that develop
  into odontoblasts, which are dentin-forming
  cells. Additionally, the junction between the
  dental papilla and inner enamel epithelium
  determines the crown shape of a tooth.
  Mesenchymal cells within the dental papilla are
  responsible for formation of tooth pulp.

22
???????? ?????

• The dental follicle gives rise to three important
  entities cementoblasts,osteoblasts, and
  fibroblasts. Cementoblasts form the cementum of a
  tooth. Osteoblasts give rise to the alveolar bone
  around the roots of teeth. Fibroblasts develop
  the periodontal ligaments which connect teeth to
  the alveolar bone through cementum

23
???????????? ???? (Gilbert, 2003)
24
???????????? ????

• ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?
  ??????????????? ? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????
  14-????????? ???????? ????, ??? ???????? ???????
  ???????? ??????????? ? ??????????????.
• ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????.
  ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????
  ???????, ?????????????? ?????? ???????????
  ????????????? ??????. (???????????? BrdU
  ??????????????? ? ???, ??? ? ??????? ?????????
  ?????? ??? ?? ?????????????.) ??? ?????? ????,
  ?????????????? ?????????? ???????????? in situ,
  ????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????
  ?????????? ????. (?? Jernvall 1995.)

25
???????????? ???? (?? Gilbert, 2003)
26
???????????? ????

• ????????? ? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???
  ???????????? ????. ??????? ????????????? ????????
  ?????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ????????
  ?????????????? ???????. ??????? ??????, ???????
  ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????. ??????
  ???????? ?????? ??????????? ? ??????????????
  ???????????, ??? ???????? ?????? ???????. ???
  ?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???? ? ??????
  ???????????????? ??????.
• ?? ??????,?????????????? ? ?????? ???? ???????,
  ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ? ????? ????, ?
  ????????? ? ??????????? ???????. (?? Thesleff,
  Sahlberg 1996.)

27


Gilbert,

2000