USNA Satellite Lab/Ground Station

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USNA Satellite Lab/Ground Station
Bob Bruninga, Ground Station Engineer

• Astronautics Overview
• Satellite and communications Labs
• Satellite Student Design Projects
• Ground Station Ops
• Extracurricular

May 2008
RAFT MARScom
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Astraonautics Track Overview

• 8 Faculty in Astronautics (out of 16 total in
  Aerospace)
• 3 Full time Civilian Astronautics Faculty
  (PhD)
• 2 Full time Military (PhD)
• .5 Half-time with NASA Faculty (PhD)
• .5 Half-time Aero (structures) (PhD)
• 2 Funded Chairs (PhD)
• 1 Engineer (Labs and Satellite Projects) (MS
  EE)
• Students
• 15-30 Astro(30) (out of 50-90 in Aerospace
  Major)

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Astronautics Budget
Internal OM,N 150K Navy Network Warfare 150K
(Space Chair, Tech, Support) External (Gift or
Endowment) Heinline Chair 130K (endowed
chair) Rogers Chair 140K (endowed
chair) Aerospace Corp 50K (ParkinsonSat) Aero
Gift Fund 5K (Various) Total Budget about
625K
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Satellite Labs

• Missions, Orbits, STK Projects
• Communications, Links, Antennas
• Transmitters, Receivers, Losses
• EPS, Electrical Power System
• Signals and Telemetry
• Thermal Lab
• ADCS

Indoor
Outdoor
Noise temperature
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Antenna Lab
Geo Arc and 9 operating positions
C/Ku band TVRO
VHF dipole
UHF Satcom
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Communications, Receivers, Losses
UFO
Gain, losses Amps and LNAs Cable losses
Geo-Arc Beamwidth Spectrum Analyzer
Downconverters Demod, Decoding
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Communications, Links, Gain
Wavelength Antenna Size Types
Gain, Beamwidth Link Budget SNR
SWR Matching
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Antenna Lab for Seniors (1st Class)
RF LABsat model on rotor
Dipole 1
Dipole 1
Rotator and S/A to plot pattern
Antenna Phasing experiment
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Antenna Link Budget and Gain

• Uses small 2.4 GHz camera/transmitters
• First observe dipole link (1000)
• Place dipole at dish focus and measure gain
• Swing dish to see Beamwidth

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Antenna Matching and Plots
Using GPS signals to plot antenna pattern of GPS
Using PI network to match spacecraft antenna for
best SWR
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Telemetry Lab
Sensors Circuits Conditioning Engineering
conversion Decoding Protocols
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EPS Lab
Begin using LABsats
Solar Panels I-V curves Distribution Regulation Sh
adowing RTG demo
EPS LABsat Design Lab
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Thermal Lab
Conduction Radiation Absorbtivity Emissivity Insul
ation
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Attitude Control Labs (LABsats)
Can demo all but gravity gradient
Match-head thruster
Magnetometer Sun Sensor Start Tracker
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US Naval Academy LABsats
Labsats mostly integrated into labs by 2004
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Basic USNAsat
Ham Radio TNC Terminal Node Controller 180
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Transmitter Tests
Power out Efficiency Temperature Spectrum and EMI
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Receiver Tests
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Demodulation - FSK

• All Seven Student LABsats on the air
• Sharing a single TDMA channel
• Using FSK for demodulation

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Demodulation - PSK
Indoor LABsat RX
LABsat configured as HF to UHF linear transponder
PSK-31 Waterfall Spectrum display on Students
workstation
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Command-Control-Telemetry Ground Stations
Laptop Ground Stations for PCSATs, ANDE, RAFT,
etc
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Past Satellite Design Projects

• Satellite and communications Labs
• Satellite Design Projects
• Past missions

PCSAT
RAFT
MIDSTAR
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Satellite Design Projects

• NATSweb 1st Sea-Launch (1997 scrubbed in last
  week!)
• PCsat Launched Athena 30 Sept 2001
• Sapphire -- Launched Athena 30 Sept 2001
• PCSAT2 STS-114 26 Jul 06 return to flight
• ARISS Launched on Progress Aug 2003
• ANDE STS-116 21 Dec 06
• RAFT1 STS-116 21 Dec 06
• MARScom STS-116 21 Dec 06
• MIDSTAR - STP-1 9 Mar 07
• ParkinsonSAT Commenced Fall 2006

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USNA Constellation
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Future Satellite Design Projects

• Satellite and communications Labs
• Satellite Design Projects

PCSAT
MIDSTAR
MIDSTAR
DRAGON Particle Detector
Micro Dosimeter (MIDN)
ParkinsonSAT
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Future Psat
Auxilliary Payload 39 cu.in 1W average power 5W
peak power
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Low-Cost Satellite Design Projects

• NATSweb 2k 1st Sea-Launch (1997 scrubbed in
  last week!)
• PCsat 30k Launched Athena 30 Sept 2001
• Sapphire - 3k? Launched Athena 30 Sept 2001
• PCSAT2 35k STS-114 26 Jul 06 return to flight
• ARISS 2k Launched on Progress Aug 2003
• ANDE 35k Launched STS-116 21 Dec 06
• RAFT1 15K Launched STS-116 21 Dec 06
• MARScom 15K Launched STS-116 21 Dec 06
• MIDSTAR - 1.8M Launched Atlas-V Mar 07
• ParkinsonSAT 50k Commenced Fall 2006

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Satellite Design Involvement
PCsat 16 projects Goodhiew 97, Morgan 98,
Lundberg, Scrabeck, Gomez, Melanson, Kollar,
Mattera, Ortiz 99 - Burroughs 99, Schwenzer,
Nolan, Lawrence, Boutros 2000, Sullivan,
Gutweiler 2001, Machinest Mike Spencer
PCSAT2 8 projects Otero, Silver, Jones,
Kolwicz, Evans, and Henry(03) Operations
Paquette and Robeson(05) ANDE 8
projects Aaron, Villalbi, and Weisenberg, Kelley,
Keller, Harris(03), Patterson, Ensign
Sillman(02) RAFT1 16 projects Robeson,
Paquette (06) - Orloff, Kinzbrunner, and Rose(05)
- Baker, Tuttle, Colvin (04) Abbott, Atwater,
Brandt, Hansen, McLean(03). And 3 in (02)
Midstar/ICsat 56 students over 8
years MIDN/Dragon, etc 20 Students over 4
years ParkinsonSAT 21 projects Papso,
Edirisinghe, Icard, Meyer, Phillips(08), -
Dendinger, Lewis, Lwin, Campbell, Sydney, Okun,
Londono, Smythe, Lindsay, Mayer 07 -Koeppel,
Lovick, Paquette, Piggrem, Robeson, Vandegriff
(06) OPERATIONS EA-204 Intro to Astro (100
students / year). EA-467 Labs (30/yr)
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PCsat, launched 30 Sept 2001

Still semi-operational
Team 6 Students/yr, 2 Profs, 1 Engineer 2200
Amateur Satellite Users
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Current Status
Negative power budget due to fail-safe default
RX/TX
Full recovery after each full-sun period.
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PCsat Comms Mission

• Data Relay (Situational Awareness) for Mobiles
  and Handheld radios. GPS tracking and LIVE to
  WEB

Blue Force Tracking
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Typical PCsat User Station
(Blue Force Tracking)
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Typical Pass Display
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Internet Linked Ground Stns
www.ariss.net pcsat.aprs.org
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Internet Linked Ground Stns
www.ariss.net pcsat.aprs.org
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Internet Linked Data Displays
www.ariss.net pcsat.aprs.org
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PCsat Student Operations
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Other Experiments through PCsat

• Antarctic WX station
• F-16 downed flyer demo (Rome Air Development
  Center)
• Arctic Tracking (trucks up frozen rivers gt70º
  Latitude)
• ISS Joint Ops (2 weeks of constellation flying)
• USNA Marconi Re-enactment (St Johns Newfoundland)
• 2200 other users worldwide

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Air Space Museum
Donated April 2004 to Smithsonian
For Display At Dulles
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PCSAT2, DOD synergy in the Amateur Satellite
Service
Bob Bruninga US Naval Academy Satellite Lab
Amateur Satellite Service partnering with DOD and
ARISS

• Very short development time
• Simplicity and off the shelf
• Educational Project
• Communications service to Users
• Telemetry for Space Environment
• Configuration controlled on the ground

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NASA/Glen Solar Experiment
40 Solar Cell Samples Latest triple junction
technology PCSAT-2 downloaded 3 Mbytes/day via
network of Volunteer Ground Stations (We paid
our rent)
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MISSE5 PCSat2 26 July
Midshipmen involved in early integration and
testing of PCSat2 electronics.
Two views of the initial deployment of
MISSE/PCSat by astronaut Soichi Noguchi. It was
installed 8 days after the launch of STS-114 (26
July 05)
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Satellite Transponders
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PCSAT2 Location
Returned August 2006 after a years exposure
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Global Situational Awareness Network
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Typical User Station
Handheld
Tiny!
Mobile
Encourage Schools and Students to get involved in
Space
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ANDE Satellite
Joint Project with NRL
Atmospheric Drag USNA Comms Telemetry -
Temperature - Attitude - Laser Control
Primary Lithium Batteries
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ANDE, CAPE, ICU
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ANDE Deployment 21 Dec 2006
Initially FCAL separated from the container, but
not ANDE
Radar returns later indicated ANDE separation
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ANDE Satellite
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ANDE Satellite
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ANDE Satellite
Deployed 21 Dec 2006
Temp Data throughout (paid our rent)
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RAFT Project (two Satellites)
RAFT-1 (PCsat) MARScom
216.98 MHz
NSSS Radar Fence
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Stanford Cubesat Projects
50 in construction!
AIAA/USU Conference 30 of all papers were
related to CUBESATS
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Simple LABsat TLM/CMD System
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RAFT/MARScom Deployment(SSPL5510)

• Stuff
• Stuff

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NAVSPASUR Radar Fence
Daily Bistatic Radar Demo with Moon
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NAVSPASUR Radar Fence
Doppler from Radar Fence detected on RAFT
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Raft Radar Transponder
4 mW RAFT oscillator detected by PE1ITR!
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RAFT Deployment
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RAFT Project (MARScom)
YP Radios
UHF AM up
HF SSB downlink
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MIDSTAR Mission9 March 2007
Atlas-V EELV ESPA Ring STP-1 ICsat CFTP Midn,
Mems, Ncnu
S-band No attitude control
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ParkinsonSAT

• Named in Honor of Dr. Parkinson (50k grant)
• Link budget using Omni antennas on satellite and
  buoys
• Sun pointing ACDS system
• EPS system with a solar panel battery
  configuration
• Positive standby power budget in any attitude
• Thermal Regulation of Components

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Psat USNA-0601
Sun Pointing Attitude Control System

• Pointing requirements are relaxed /- 40 deg
• High precision attitude control not required

ODTML on (18W)
SAFE mode
ODTML off (4.5 W)
Paquette
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• Display consists of three view frames
• First Frame
• Rickover Lobby reference frame
• Displays the simulated sun (Lamp) angle LL in
  reference to the Lobby frame
• Displays the spacecraft solar bus voltage and
  charging current.
• Second Frame
• Sun frame
• Displays Spacecraft angle to the Sun angle SS
• Relative sun current measurements for X, Y and Z
• Used to determine sun angle
• A second column shows these values after being
  normalized to /- 10 degrees
• Latest version also displays CW and CCW rotation
  rate arrow showing direction and magnitude of the
  spin rate.
• Third Frame
• SolSat Frame
• Displays reported Earths Magnetic field vector
  relative to the Spacecraft, angle SM
• Displays measured components of the spacecrafts
  magnetometer in X, Y and Z components
• Used to determine the Earths magnetic Field
  vector.

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ADCS (P-sat Demo)
Actual Torques and Earths Magnetic
Field
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ADCS Simulation Results

• After approximately 1.4 orbits, the ADCS system
  gains control of the spacecraft
• Tip-off rates removed for the X and Y axes down
  to approximately 0.2 degrees per second
• Tip-off rate is reduced to 2 degrees per second
  for the Z axis to establish stability
• Based on an initial tip-off rate of 5 degrees per
  second

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USNA Satellite Lab/Ground Station
Bob Bruninga, Ground Station Engineer

• Satellite and communications Labs
• Satellite Design Projects
• Ground Station Ops
• Extracurricular

PCSAT-1, ANDE/RAFT 12 Meter (AO-40) C/Ku TVRO
(NASA TV) Teleconferencing Summer Seminars,
Tours AMSAT Tracking
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PCSAT1/2ANDE/RAFT Telemetry
Commanding
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USNA Satellite Lab/Ground Station
RS0ISSgtPP0PP0,SGATE,qAo Go Army beat
Navy! PCSAT-1gtAPRS,SGATE,qAo Go Navy Beat
Army! PCSAT2gtAPRS,SGATE,qAo Go Navy Beat Army!
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USNA Satellite Lab/Ground Station

• 12 meter NASA dish (1989)
• C and Ku TVRO
• S band (100W)
• Needs new controller
• Needs new RF
• Needs network upgrades
• Needs all RF cable refurb
• Needs Mission

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USNA Satellite Lab/Ground Station
Bob Bruninga, Ground Station Engineer

• Satellite and communications Labs
• Ground Station Ops
• Satellite Design Projects
• Extracurricular

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Other Activities
Space Day (AirSpace) AMSAT (North
America) Marconi 100th (St Johns) BSA
RadioBadge School Mentoring Balloon Tracking
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AMSAT Operations
AO-40 Rescue
- PCSAT2
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USNA Extracurricular Activities
W3ADO, oldest USNA ECA (1928)
Annual Moonbounce Event
Imagry
Football Boat GPS Tracking, Comms, Imagry,
Data, Internet
Sea Trials
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• Our Satellites provide a low cost educational
  transponder supporting not only GPS position
  reporting but also remote WX stations and other
  data link experiments and other University and
  School Experiments.

• The comm channels can potentially draw from
  over 30,000 experimenters for easy assessment of
  loading and scaling issues.

• Not only the sensors and users exist, but the
  global Internet collection and distribution
  system also exists from PCSAT1 2, ANDE and RAFT.

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Internet Linked Ground Stns
Daily Players
www.ariss.net pcsat.aprs.org