Nuclear Engineering

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Nuclear Engineering

• NE112

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Course Particulars

• MWF 900 950
• C104, Radiation Center
• Kathryn Higley (7-0675 RC E122 lead
  instructor) higley_at_ne.orst.edu
• Craig Marianno (7-2343 RC E118 GTA)
  craiger_at_engr.orst.edu
• Text available at
• http//www.engr.orst.edu/classes/ne/ne112/
• Supplemental handouts provided

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Winter Schedule of Topics
Chapter Date Topic Instructor 1 1 /
5 Introduction, Nuclear and Atomic
Structure Higley 2 1 / 7 Nature of
Radiation Higley 3 1 / 10 Experimental
Design Higley 4 1 / 12 Experimental Design,
continued Higley 4 1 / 14 Sources of
Radiation Higley 4 1 / 17
Holiday 5 1 / 19 Computer Applications
Spreadsheets Palmer 5 1 / 21 Computer
Applications Word Processing Palmer 6 1 /
24 Biological Effects of Radiation
Exposure Hamby 1 / 26
Review Higley 1 / 28
Examination Higley
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Winter Schedule of Topics, continued
Chapter Date Topic Instructor 7 1
/31 Radiation Detection Hamby 8 2 /
2 Applications of Radiation and
Radioisotopes Binney 8 2 / 4 Application of
Radiation and Radioisotopes Binney 7 2 /
7 Radiation Shielding Klein 7 2 / 9 Radiation
Dosimetry Klein 2 /11 Review Higley 9
2 /14 Radiation Protection Standards Higley 2
/16 Review Higley 2 /18
Examination Higley
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Winter Schedule of Topics, continued
Chapter Date Topic Instructor 10 2
/21 Nuclear Fuel Cycle Reese 10 2 /23 High
Level Wastes Ringle 10 2 /25 Low Level
Wastes Ringle 9 2 /28 Probabilistic Risk
Assessment Reyes 9 3 / 1 Rules, Regulations
Reyes 3 / 3 Review Higley 11 3/
6 Information Sources Wu 12 3 / 8 Health
Physics Nuclear Engineering Careers Wu 3
/10 Bean Seed Results Review Higley 3/16
Final Exam, 2 pm 4 pm, C104 Higley
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Introduction Course Learning Objectives

• Where were going
• Gain a basic understanding of radiation
• how it interacts in matter,
• how it is produced, and
• how it is regulated.
• Develop an appreciation for
• tools needed to measure radiation
• techniques used to describe its effects.

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Learning Objectives, continued

• Understand and use computers
• to analyze data,
• prepare laboratory reports,
• and search for information
• How were getting there
• Understand your obligations
• Know what is expected
• Learn how to access course materials

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Expectations

• Grades
• Homework 35
• Exams 50
• Project 15
• Attendance
• Not mandatory
• Youre responsible for missed material
• Be on time
• Homework
• Due by 5 pm on the day it is due

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Chapter 1 Review

• Objectives for today, know the following
• The one-size-fits-all universal equation
• Basic components of an atom
• Layout of the Chart of the Nuclides

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Universal Equation

• Describes exponential behavior
• Applies to many nuclear radiation related
  problems
• Learn to recognize the form(s) and youll know
  how to manipulate the equation to get the answer

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The one-size fits all equation
 
And many more.
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Definition of terms symbols

• N0 Initial number of atoms
• N Final number of atoms
• ?
• Greek lowercase lambda
• Decay constant (units time-1)
• t Elapsed time
• Equation describes how number of atoms decrease
  over time due to radioactive decay

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Definition of terms symbols, continued

• A0 Initial activity (e.g., Ci, Bq, dpm)
• A Final activity
• ? Same as before
• t Same as before
• Equation describes how activity of a sample
  decreases over time due to radioactive decay

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Definition of terms symbols, continued

• I0 Initial intensity (e.g., photons/s)
• I Final intensity
• ?
• Greek, lowercase mu
• Attenuation constant (units, distance-1)
• x thickness of material, (cm, m,..)
• Equation describes how intensity of a photon beam
  decreases (due to absorption and scatter) as the
  beam passes through material

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Behavior of Exponential Functions
Linear plot
Semi-log plot
N0
ln (N0)
N
ln N
t, x, or Z
t, x, or Z
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Exponential Functions

• Apply to many nuclear problems
• Behave in similar fashion
• Units of variables may be different!
• Time,
• 1/Time
• Distance
• 1/Distance

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Basic Components of the Atom

• Nuclear Components
• Neutron
• Proton
• Electron
• Atomic Components
• Electron Orbitals
• More will come in the next lecture on nuclear and
  atomic structure.

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Atomic Structure

• Atomic orbitals
•  Neutron
•  Proton
•  Electron

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Electronic Orbitals

• X-rays
• UV and Visible Light
• Chemical Reactions
• Covalent bonds
• Ionic bonds
• Quantized states
• Fixed energy levels
• Specific to each element

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The Chart of the Nuclides

• Still available
• See Dr. Klein
• A portable resource
• Known elements
• Stable and radioactive forms
• Periodic table
• Brief description of nuclear properties
• Conversion tables!

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Chart of the Nuclides
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Chart Information
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Chart Information, contd
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Chart Information, contd
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Chart Information, contd
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Summary

• Schedule of classes
• Course Expectations
• The one-size-fits-all universal equation
• Basic components of an atom
• Layout of the Chart of the Nuclides