Title: INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
1INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
- The IAEA will
- -- accelerate and enlarge the contribution of
atomic energy to health and prosperity ---
2United Nations Organisations
The International Atomic Energy Agency is a
Nuclear Technology organisation not primarily a
cancer organisation
3IAEA
- NUCLEAR POWER
- Nuclear Energy
- Safeguards
- NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY
- Technical Co-operation (TC)
- Radiation Safety
- Nuclear Applications (NA)
- (including Health)
Cancer diagnosis and management are supported by
TC NA
4Overall Cancer Problem
Ref. M. Parkin IARC Globocan
5Cancer in Developing Countries
- Cancer Control
- Prevention
- Early diagnosis
- MANAGEMENT
- Palliation
- With a rising incidence of cancer in developing
countries, management becomes increasingly
important to the Health ministries
Radiotherapy is a major nuclear technology in the
management of cancer
6Applied Radiobiology Radiotherapy (ARBR)
- Research Development
- through
- Individual Research Contracts
- Coordinated (Group) Research
- Advisory Group Meetings
- etc.
7RESEARCH PROJECTS
- Research directed at clinical problems of
developing countries - Oesophagus Brachytherapy /- teletherapy
- Nasopharynx Teletherapy brachytherapy
- 5 or 6 fractions per week?
- Cervix HIV pos Addition chemo?
- Cervix (HIV-) 2 or 4 fractions HDR brachytherapy
- Economics of Radiotherapy
8DEVELOPMENT COMPONENT
- Head Neck immobilisation
-
- A cost-effective alternative to the current
swing to disposable thermoplastic masks
9ADVISORY GROUP PUBLICATIONS
- On demand from member states
- Introduction of micro- HDR brachytherapy for
developing countries - Mould-room techniques
- The role of radiotherapy in HIV-related cancers
- Design implementation of a radiotherapy program
- Audit of radiotherapy methodology for developing
countries related to sustainability
10JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS
- Radiotherapy in Africa
- RO 52, (1999) 70-84
- S-E Asia Pacific
- RO 60 (2001) 81-89
- Latin America
- RO 2004 In press
- Economics radiotherapy
- RO 63 (2002) 147-150
- Cost of teletherapy
- RO 71 (2004) 347-355
11SPECIAL INTEREST SERVICES
- Directory of Radiotherapy Services
- DIRAC
- Dosimetry intercomparison
- Radiotherapy Cost Evaluator software
12TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION
- Promotion of nuclear technology in developing
countries - by
- National Projects
13RT Services in Africa
lt 2 million/machine
2 - 10 million/machine
gt 10 million/machine
No known operational machines
Ref. Radiotherapy in Africa RO 52, (1999)
70-84 Updated 2004
14INITIATE RADIATION ONCOLOGY
- Uganda
- Ethiopia
- Namibia
- Mongolia
- GHANA (Accra)
- Building
- Zambia
- Yemen
- Borneo
In planning Angola, Haiti, Eritrea
15UPGRADING RADIOTHERAPY
- Concentrate on establishing one aspect of
radiotherapy at one centre. - Teletherapy
- Brachytherapy
- Treatment Planning
- Imaging
- Immobilisation
About 50 national projects each biennium
16AGENCY TOOLSfor radiotherapy implementation
- Equipment
- Training
- Expert visits
17SCHEMATIC OF CANCER MANAGEMENT
18EQUIPMENT
- TREATMENT
- Teletherapy
- Brachytherapy
- CLINICAL QA
- Treatment Planning
- Imaging
- Immobilisation
19TRAINING
- Long Term Training for Degree purposes
- Specialised Training
- Fellowships 3 to 6 months
- Training courses 1 to 2 weeks
20Limitation by Personnel
OK Machines OK Staff
Staff OK Too few machines
OK Machines Understaffed
Too few machines Understaffed for these
Ref. Tatsuzaki Levin Radiotherapy Oncology
60 (2001) 81-89
21PERSONNEL LIMITATIONS
22RT Education in Africa
?
23EXPERT VISITS
- CLINICAL
- Develop in-house procedures/protocols
- Instruction on clinical QA in the use of
specialised equipment
- MEDICAL PHYSICS
- Commissioning of new equipment
- Calibration and dosimetry
24TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION
- Promotion of nuclear technology in developing
countries - by
- Regional Projects
25REGIONAL PROJECTS
- Regional projects confine themselves to regional
needs Primarily training courses with some minor
equipment. - Africa AFRA
- Eastern Europe
- Latin America ARCAL
- South East Asia
26AFRICA AGREEMENT
- 56 Countries
- 23 with RT
- 17 in AFRA
- 155 Teletherapy machines
- Training in 6 countries
Radiotherapy in Africa RO 52, (1999) 70-84
27TRAINING COURSES
- Radiation Oncologists
- Medical Physicists
- Therapy Radiographers
- Gynae Nurses
28Total Agency Involvement
- Clinical
- Dosimetry
- Dose Quality Control
- Radiation protection
- Radioactive waste management
- etc. as needed
29Government commitment
Mrs. Patient
Agency commitment
30THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
ARBR
A PARTNER IN HEALTH
31http//www.iaea.org/worldatom