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INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY

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Dosimetry intercomparison. Radiotherapy Cost Evaluator software. TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION ... Calibration and dosimetry. TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY


1
INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
  • The IAEA will
  • -- accelerate and enlarge the contribution of
    atomic energy to health and prosperity ---

2
United Nations Organisations
The International Atomic Energy Agency is a
Nuclear Technology organisation not primarily a
cancer organisation
3
IAEA
  • NUCLEAR POWER
  • Nuclear Energy
  • Safeguards
  • NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY
  • Technical Co-operation (TC)
  • Radiation Safety
  • Nuclear Applications (NA)
  • (including Health)

Cancer diagnosis and management are supported by
TC NA
4
Overall Cancer Problem
Ref. M. Parkin IARC Globocan
5
Cancer in Developing Countries
  • Cancer Control
  • Prevention
  • Early diagnosis
  • MANAGEMENT
  • Palliation
  • With a rising incidence of cancer in developing
    countries, management becomes increasingly
    important to the Health ministries

Radiotherapy is a major nuclear technology in the
management of cancer
6
Applied Radiobiology Radiotherapy (ARBR)
  • Research Development
  • through
  • Individual Research Contracts
  • Coordinated (Group) Research
  • Advisory Group Meetings
  • etc.

7
RESEARCH PROJECTS
  • Research directed at clinical problems of
    developing countries
  • Oesophagus Brachytherapy /- teletherapy
  • Nasopharynx Teletherapy brachytherapy
  • 5 or 6 fractions per week?
  • Cervix HIV pos Addition chemo?
  • Cervix (HIV-) 2 or 4 fractions HDR brachytherapy
  • Economics of Radiotherapy

8
DEVELOPMENT COMPONENT
  • Head Neck immobilisation
  • A cost-effective alternative to the current
    swing to disposable thermoplastic masks

9
ADVISORY GROUP PUBLICATIONS
  • On demand from member states
  • Introduction of micro- HDR brachytherapy for
    developing countries
  • Mould-room techniques
  • The role of radiotherapy in HIV-related cancers
  • Design implementation of a radiotherapy program
  • Audit of radiotherapy methodology for developing
    countries related to sustainability

10
JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS
  • Radiotherapy in Africa
  • RO 52, (1999) 70-84
  • S-E Asia Pacific
  • RO 60 (2001) 81-89
  • Latin America
  • RO 2004 In press
  • Economics radiotherapy
  • RO 63 (2002) 147-150
  • Cost of teletherapy
  • RO 71 (2004) 347-355

11
SPECIAL INTEREST SERVICES
  • Directory of Radiotherapy Services
  • DIRAC
  • Dosimetry intercomparison
  • Radiotherapy Cost Evaluator software

12
TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION
  • Promotion of nuclear technology in developing
    countries
  • by
  • National Projects

13
RT Services in Africa
lt 2 million/machine
2 - 10 million/machine
gt 10 million/machine
No known operational machines
Ref. Radiotherapy in Africa RO 52, (1999)
70-84 Updated 2004
14
INITIATE RADIATION ONCOLOGY
  • Uganda
  • Ethiopia
  • Namibia
  • Mongolia
  • GHANA (Accra)
  • Building
  • Zambia
  • Yemen
  • Borneo

In planning Angola, Haiti, Eritrea
15
UPGRADING RADIOTHERAPY
  • Concentrate on establishing one aspect of
    radiotherapy at one centre.
  • Teletherapy
  • Brachytherapy
  • Treatment Planning
  • Imaging
  • Immobilisation

About 50 national projects each biennium
16
AGENCY TOOLSfor radiotherapy implementation
  • Equipment
  • Training
  • Expert visits

17
SCHEMATIC OF CANCER MANAGEMENT
18
EQUIPMENT
  • TREATMENT
  • Teletherapy
  • Brachytherapy
  • CLINICAL QA
  • Treatment Planning
  • Imaging
  • Immobilisation

19
TRAINING
  • Long Term Training for Degree purposes
  • Specialised Training
  • Fellowships 3 to 6 months
  • Training courses 1 to 2 weeks

20
Limitation by Personnel
OK Machines OK Staff
Staff OK Too few machines
OK Machines Understaffed
Too few machines Understaffed for these
Ref. Tatsuzaki Levin Radiotherapy Oncology
60 (2001) 81-89
21
PERSONNEL LIMITATIONS
22
RT Education in Africa
?
23
EXPERT VISITS
  • CLINICAL
  • Develop in-house procedures/protocols
  • Instruction on clinical QA in the use of
    specialised equipment
  • MEDICAL PHYSICS
  • Commissioning of new equipment
  • Calibration and dosimetry

24
TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION
  • Promotion of nuclear technology in developing
    countries
  • by
  • Regional Projects

25
REGIONAL PROJECTS
  • Regional projects confine themselves to regional
    needs Primarily training courses with some minor
    equipment.
  • Africa AFRA
  • Eastern Europe
  • Latin America ARCAL
  • South East Asia

26
AFRICA AGREEMENT
  • 56 Countries
  • 23 with RT
  • 17 in AFRA
  • 155 Teletherapy machines
  • Training in 6 countries

Radiotherapy in Africa RO 52, (1999) 70-84
27
TRAINING COURSES
  • Radiation Oncologists
  • Medical Physicists
  • Therapy Radiographers
  • Gynae Nurses

28
Total Agency Involvement
  • Clinical
  • Dosimetry
  • Dose Quality Control
  • Radiation protection
  • Radioactive waste management
  • etc. as needed

29
Government commitment
Mrs. Patient
Agency commitment
30
THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
ARBR
A PARTNER IN HEALTH
31
http//www.iaea.org/worldatom
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