SCADA BASICS

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SCADA BASICS

• FOR THE MONITORING CONTROL OF RURAL WATER
  FACILITIES
• LARRY WASSERMAN
• JOHNSTON, INC.

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Introduction

• TELEMETRY
• Transmitting Receiving Information over a
  Communication Link
• System Measurements / OFF/ON Control
• SCADA
• Supervisory Remotely turn OFF/ON
• Control Automated, Programmable Control
• Data Acquisition Database stored in Computer

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SCADA - A Working Definition

• A Monitoring and/or Control System that utilizes
  a central computer for storing information and on
  site / remote hardware to monitor facilities and
  processes. Control may be automatic or manual
  and may occur at the remote units or the central
  computer.

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Proprietary Systems Questions?

• How many sources are there to buy?
• How about servicing the system?
• Does the cost keep going up?
• Can I use other RTU Hardware?
• Can I change the HMI Software?
• Do I feel trapped or locked in?
• Can I make changes to system?

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RTU Typical Applications

• Wastewater Lift / Pumping Stations
• Water Booster Stations,
• Ground Elevated Storage Tanks
• Packaged WWTPs, Water Reuse
• Small Water Systems / Wells
• Manhole Overflow Monitoring
• Remote Flow Meters Instruments

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Booster Station / Storage Tank
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RTU Local Interface
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General Considerations

• Why use SCADA to Monitor Remote Facilities?
• Regulatory Requirements/ Reporting
• Reduced Remote Visitation
• Operation Optimization
• Remote Alarming of Upsets
• Preventative / Predictive Maintenance
• Automated / Supervisory Control
• Security

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History

• DCS- Distributed Control Systems
• Dedicated Wire / Phone Line
• Dual Tone Radio
• Analog/Digital Radio
• Cellular Phone
• Satellite / Cable TV
• Fiber Optic

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System Components

• RTU Remote Terminal Unit
• Communications Link
• Central Computer Station incl. HMI/MMI Software
• Ranges from complete Proprietary Systems to Mix
  Match Generic Type

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SCADA Components
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Typical SCADA System
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RTU Types

• SCADA Based RTU Open or Proprietary
• PLC Based RTU
• Proprietary vs Open Architecture
• Monitor Remote Control
• Programmable Control

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RTU Functionality

• Remote Monitoring Alarms Status
• Remote Control
• Equipment Protection Maintenance
• Automatic Control
• Local Controls and Annunciation
• Point-to-Point Control

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RTU Typical WW Lift Station

• Monitor Points
• High Well
• Pump / Generator Status OFF/ON
• Power
• Low Well if available
• Level Analog or float position
• Flow from flow meter or calculated
• Rain Gauge / Pressure / Current
• Control Points
• Disable Station
• HOA Switch Operation
• Exercise Emergency Generator
• Control Valve OFF/ON or Analog
• Station Controller with level/float input

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Typical Water System RTU

• Monitor Points
• Well / Booster Pump Status OFF/ON
• Altitude / Control Valve Position
• Elevated or Ground Storage Tank Level
• Flow, Pressure, VFD Speed, Chlorine /Turb.
• Control Points
• Pump Control Manual / Automatic
• Valve Control Manual/ Automatic
• VFD/Speed/Valve Position Manual/ Automatic
• Chemical Feed Based on Flow/ Analyzer
• System Controller Analog Digital I/O

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RTU PLC BASED
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RTU MOSCAD MODULAR RTU
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RTU - Maintenance

• Check Battery / connections
• Check Antenna, cable, and surge protector
• Check radio LEDs for transmit/ receive/power
• Check PLC LEDs for transmit/receive/power
• Activate Intrusion / High Well Float
• Check power supply/ fuses /breakers
• Simulate other alarms like HOA Switch
• Inspect enclosure for moisture / corrosion

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Typical Radio RTU
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Typical Plant RTU
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Typical Water Tower RTU
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RTU - Communication

• Hardware
• Modem
• Transmission
• Software
• Protocol
• Special Functions
• Store and Forward
• Remote Programming

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RTU Local Interface

• Controls
• HOA Switch
• Set point Changes
• Annunciation
• Equipment Status
• Process Parameters
• Set points
• Alarms

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RTU Local Interface
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RTU / CONTROL PANEL
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SCADA System Components
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Communications Link

• Architecture
• Link
• Protocol

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Architecture

• Star
• Polling Most common
• Call in Auto-dialers
• Unsolicited Responses- Report by exception
• Mixed Protocol Possible with some HMIs
• Mixed Medium Possible with some HMIs
• Store and Forward / Repeater

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Communication Architectures
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Link - Radio
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Typical Radio Links

• Unlicensed CB Band 27 Mhz , 10-25 Watts
• Licensed VHF 132-174 Mhz
• Up to 5 Watts Power
• Very Good Signal Transmission
• Licensed UHF 380-512 Mhz
• Up to 5 Watts Power
• Good Signal Transmission
• Unlicensed Spread Spectrum 900 Mhz
• 1 Watt max. Power
• Line-of-Sight, weather dependent

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Link- Land Line
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Link Cell Phone
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Link - Satellite
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Link - Combination
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SCADA Components
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Central Site System

• Computer Hardware inc. UPS
• Central RTU Sometimes does polling
• Communication Interface Radio/Antenna or
  Telephone Modem
• HMI Human Machine Interface
• Common HMIs Intellution, Wonderware, Citec,
  Trihedral
• Internet Based Mission, Omnisite - Cellular

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Central Site Antenna Placement
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HMI- Functionality

• Alarm Annunciation
• Remote Control
• Trending Real Time/Historical
• Data Logging / History
• Alarming
• Reporting
• Security
• High Level Optimization Strategies
• Auto-Dialer / Pager
• Remote Monitoring

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Typical Reports

• Analog Summary
• Radio Error Analysis
• Log Report All Data
• Detail Report
• Pump Activity Total Ave Run Times, Starts
• Pump Discrepancy Excessive changes
• Derived Flow
• Rainfall
• Flow

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Overview Screen
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Typical Text Screen
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High Service Pump Station
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Water System Screen
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Water Plant Screen
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Instrumentation Concerns

• Low Cost
• Low Maintenance Calibration Needs
• Sufficient Accuracy
• Ease of Installation

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Low Cost Monitoring Devices

• Wire to Aux. Contacts of Motor Starters
• On/Off Float
• Water in Dry Well Alarm
• Intrusion Switch
• Tilt Switch for Valve Open/Closed

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Low Cost Monitoring Devices
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Low Cost Instruments

• Submersible Level Probe
• Pressure Transmitter
• Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge
• Electronic Water Meter- Pulsed Output

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Low Cost Instruments
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Remote Pressure Monitoring
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Summary

• Get Involved
• Learn more about capabilities of your system
• Get better understanding of existing screens
  reports
• Get Educated
• Attend Manufacturers Training
• Review Trade Journals
• Attend Trade Shows
• Attend Organization Training Seminars
• Participate
• Give input for a new system
• Have the System Suit your Utility
• Utilize the System more fully
• Take ownership of YOUR SCADA System

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Lake Worth Operator Screen
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Lake Worth Operator Screen
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Contact Information

• Larry Wasserman, Product Specialist
• Johnston, Inc http//www.jinc.com
• Larry_at_jinc.com
• Download PowerPoint File Online
• http//www.jinc.com/spotlight.htm
• 919-449-0041 Office Phone
• 919-368-1917 Cell Phone