Learn Basic Photography

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LEARN PHOTOGRAPHY BASICS

• Visionary Media Productions

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Basics of Equipment

• Megapixel MythPhotography Jargons
  ExplainedConcepts Aperture, Depth of Field,
  Shutter Speed, ISO, Noise
• Understanding Digital PhotographyStyles/Mod
  es of PhotographyTools Techniques of
  Composition

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Choosing the Best Camera

• Not a once in a lifetime purchase anymore.
• Select one which can do the job you want
• Today and as per your future requirement
• Some kinds of cameras do.
• some kinds of things better or more easily
• e.g., Sports photography vs. Close-up portraits.
• Price isnt the best indicator.

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TYPES OF CAMERAS

• WEB CAMERAS AND MOBILE CAMERAS

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POINT AND SHOOT CAMERAS
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ADVANCED CONSUMER MODEL
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PROSUMER DSLR models
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Professional cameras
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MEGAPIXEL MYTH

• How much do you need?
• Often, cameras are categorized by the no. of
• Megapixels they can capture .
• As if that resolution figure is the only measure
  
• of the cameras value.
• This value can be quite misleading.

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ZOOM OPTICAL AND DIGITAL

• Optical vs. Digital Zoom
• An optical zoom uses the optics (lens) of the
  digital
• camera to move you closer to your subject.
• A digital zoom simply enlarges the existing
  image
• digitally. It is not really zoom, in the
  strictest definition
• of the term.
• Enlarging the image digitally reduces picture
  quality,
• and should therefore usually be avoided
• .
• Some manufacturers label their lenses with the
  "total
• zoom" by multiplying the optical with the
  digital.
• Ignore It.
• When comparing digital cameras
• Go for higher optical zoom. Digital zoom can
  always be
• achieved later in an image editing software.

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RESOLUTION AND PRINT SIZES
Resolution Avg. quality Best quality Resolution
0.5 megapixels 3x5 in. N/A 800 x 600
2 megapixels 8x10 in. 3x5 in. 1600 x 1200
4 megapixels 11x14 in. 5x7 in. 2300 x 1700
6 megapixels 16x20 in. 8x0 in. 3000 x 2000
10 megapixels 25x40 in. 13x17 in. 3888 x 2592
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PHOTOGRAPHY TECHNICALITY

• Anti-BlurAnti-ShakeImage StabilizationVibration
  Reduction
• A technology that stabilizes the lens to
• effectively reduce blur due to camera shake

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HISTOGRAM
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METERING

• How the camera measures the amount of light
• available to expose a picture
• Centre-Weighted Readings are taken at
• various part of the picture, with a special
• emphasis for the centre.
• Spot Readings are taken at a specific point.
• Each camera manufacturer has its own
• variations (Evaluative Metering)

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WHITE BALANCE

• The ability to adjust colours based on white as
• a reference colour to give as true a white as
• possible
• All other colours are corrected accordingly
• Auto WB (AWB) the camera determines and
• selects the correct colour temperature for
• white.

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WHITE BALANCE

• Some preset white balance settings are
• daylight, cloudy, tungsten, or fluorescent.

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Aperture, Depth of Field, Shutter Speed, ISO,
Noise

• APERTURE
• a hole or an opening
• through which
• light travels
• It causes variations in
• the Depth of Field
• within the image

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• Shutter Speed
• Amount of time the
• picture is exposed
• Short/Fast shutter speed
• Long/Slow shutter speed

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RESULTS OF VARYING SHUTTER SPEED
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ISO

• the measure of a digital camera sensors
• sensitivity to light
• a higher number indicates higher sensitivity
• This is usually expressed as a range,
• e.g. ISO 100 - 1600.
• A higher sensitivity allows us to take pictures
• in low light without using flash
• Higher ISO causes more "noise" than lower
• ISO

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Shutter Priority

• Allows you to decide the shutter speed (e.g.
  fast at 1/500 sec. for stop action photography,
  or slow at 2 sec. for night photography), and the
  camera decides the best aperture.

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Aperture Priority

• Allows you to choose the aperture (e.g. large
  at F1.8 for portrait, of small at F16 for
  landscapes).

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Manual

• You have complete creative control in
  selecting both the shutter and aperture.

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Auto

• All digital cameras usually have an Auto
  mode the camera decides for you the best shutter
  speed/aperture settings.

AUTO
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Landscape photography

• Primary function is to allow a large depth of
  field.
• Landscape mode tells the camera to default to a
• large Depth of Field (Small Aperture)f16.

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Portrait Photography

• This mode is not well suited for full-length
• portraits or groups of people
• Portrait mode tells the camera to default to a
• Small Depth of Field (Large Aperture) f1.8

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Sports/Action Photography

• tells the camera to default its settings toward
• capturing images faster
• This is done by
• Increasing Shutter Speed
• Increasing ISO

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Night Photography
This preset slows down the shutter speed to
allow a lot of light into the camera. Both
the foreground and background of the image are
properly exposed. very useful in taking
low-light images where you do not want the
background to be black
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Macro Photography
This setting works with your camera lens to allow
it to focus from a very short distance. Depth
of Field becomes very Small (Large Aperture)
f1.8 Does not have a lot of alternative uses.
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Why compose your images?

• Create the picture.
• Decide what is in and what is left out.
• Convince the eye to glance at it moment
  longer.
• Composition" means "Putting Together"

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• Rule
• Of
• Thirds

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Rule of thirds

• The theory is that your photo becomes more
• balanced and will enable a viewer of the
• image to interact with it more naturally.
• Peoples eyes usually go to one of the
• intersection points most naturally rather than
• the centre of the shot.
• It works with this natural way of viewing an
• image rather than working against it

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Important to experiment to overcome the natural
tendency to centre everything.

• But, sometimes you may find situations where
  it's
• difficult to follow the rule of thirds.
• If you know why you're doing it -feel free!
• But when you're first starting out it's a good
  idea
• to try to follow it whenever you can.

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Converging composition

• leads the viewers eye into the depth of the
• Photo.
• Usually, centre it and create a symmetrical
• composition leading to the centre.

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• Camera lens filters still have many uses in
  digital photography, and should be an important
  part of any photographer's camera bag....Here
  is the major filters and their function...
• 1 - Protective Filters
• UV Filters - Absorbs ultraviolet rays. Gives
  cleaner, sharper pictures with less haze. Also
  serves as a permanent lens protector. Personally,
  i have a UV filter on every lens )

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EXIF (exchangeable image file)

• EXIF (exchangeable image file) data is a record
  of what camera settings were used to take a
  photograph.EXIF data stores information like
  camera model, exposure, aperture, ISO, what
  camera mode was used .....To interpret this
  EXIF data, you will need an EXIF viewer. There
  are many ways to go about this. Your image
  processing program should provide that
  functionality within the program.For beginners,
  reading an images EXIF data can be a very useful
  learning tool....

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Night photography

• Take a number of shots at different shutter
  speed/aperture combinations.Ensure your LCD
  brightness is set to Normal, not Bright, for a
  truer representation of your recorded image. A
  good aperture to start with is F4.0 or F5.6 (for
  greatest depth of field), and adjust shutter
  speed up or down until you're satisfied with the
  shot.
• Always bring and use a tripod. It's quite common
  to have exposures of an entire second or more
  during night-time photography.
• Bring along a flashlight. A pocket
  flashlight is essential when you're doing
  photography at night.

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Minimalistic photography

• Minimalistic photos is creating empty spaces in
  the photograph....The eye of the person looking
  at the image cant help but be drawn to the
  element of the image youve taken.... the
  subject!
• make your subject the strongest point of your
  photo even though it might take up only a small
  part of the overall image....When Im
  attempting to take a show with a minimalist feel
  to it I keep those words in mind.pick subjects
  wisely experiment with color use depth of
  fieldcrop out distractionsZoom In or out...