Mushroom cultivation

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Mushroom cultivation

• BY
• J I M I PATEL
• Mo no9924474599

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Introduction

• Mushroom is a fleshy-fungi,
• its a small umbrela like structure.
• It has two part,cap like structure is known as
  PILEUS,
• attached with thread like structure is
  known as MYCELIA.
• Mycelia absorb nutrient from soil,
  it do not require sun light
  for their growth.

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STRUCTURE
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Examples of edible mushroom

• Agaricus bisporus
• Agaricus bitorquis
• Lentinus edodes
• Tremella fusiformis
• Flammulina velutips

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RAw material

• Animal excreta
• Animal manure
• Horse manure
• Vegetable waste
• Forest litters
• Straw from wheat/rice
• Wheat bran

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cultivation method

• Garden field cutivation
• Cave cultivation
• Indoor cultivation

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1. Garden field cultivation

• Small ridges made in gardens and fields.
• Soil inoculated with spawn is covered with leaf
  litter to prevent moisture.
• The ridges should be periodically watered
  mushroom when appear can be picked.

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2. Cave cultivation

• Small tunnels are made in rocky areas and
  mushroom farms can be established.
• Abandoned mines can be used to develop mushroom
  farms.

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3.Indoor cultivation

• Mushroom are grow in small rooms of the house.
• These rooms may be constructed in such a way that
  they will be partly above ground and partly below
  ground.
• In some cases arrangement may be made to maintain
  accurate temperature and moisture.
• Inside this room mushroom may be cultivated
  either in small beds. The room should be properly
  ventilated but sunlight should not fall directly
  on the mushroom-beds.
• The room should also have airconditioning
  facility.
• E.g techniques for cultivation of white button
  mushroom.

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production of white- button mushroom

• There are 4 stages of mushroom production.
• 1. Composting
• 2. Spawning
• 3. Casting
• 4. Croping

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• 1. Composting
• There are 2 methods of composting
• (a) Long method require 21 28 days
• 1 meter height heaps are prepared.
• Interval of 2-3 days, heap material is mixed with
  wooden board.
• Gypsum is added in between 14 - 18 day.
• At last dark brown mixture is produced.
• (b) Short method require 12- 15 days
• Pasteurization is done by fumigation.
• Steaming is done at 52-54c for 2-4 days rise
  to 62 c for 4 hours.
• Rest of process is almost same.

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• 2. Spawning
• In a tray, layer of compost are prepared.
• Upon it a layers of spawn is prepared .
• News paper is spreaded over it.
• Water is sprinkled to maintain humidity 90-95.
• Temperature maintained 20-25 c
• Mycelial growth takes about 15-20 days.
• Stage called SPAWN RUN stage .

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• 3. CasTing
• After 15-20 days paper is removed.
• Mycelial growth covered with 2-5 cm casting
  material.
• CaCO3 maintains PH 4-5.
• Temperature is maintain 15-20 c.
• Humidity about 85 90

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4. Croping

• Fruiting body will start to appear after
• 12- 16 days will continue for 3-4 month.
• After 2-3 days of 1st cropping another fruiting
  body will start to appear.

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application of mushroom

• Used in bio-degradation
• Bio-transformation
• Medicinal value
• Anti HIV, Anti-HBV viruses.
• Enzymes
• Controlling diabetes blood pressure
• Reducing sugars

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Reference

• 1. Cultivation of white button mushroom
• Dr.B.Vijay Dr. Yash Gupta
• 2. Recent advances in the cultivation
  technology of edible mushrooms
• Dr.R.N.Verma B.Vijay

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