Contaminated Sites Remediation Techniques

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Contaminated Sites Remediation Techniques
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Biological Treatment

• One land remediation technique is biological
  treatment, which consists of several categories
  outlining specific techniques. In windrowning,
  the contaminated soil is aerated and mixed
  through a mechanical process that involves adding
  nutrients and the sporadic addition of water.
  Similar to windrowning is landfarming, in which
  contaminated soil is thinly spread across a
  treatment area. In composting and biopiling,
  bulking agents are mixed with contaminated
  material.

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Physicochemical Techniques

• Physicochemical techniques of land remediation
  include four categories. While hazardous waste
  solidifies, it is encapsulated into a solid
  material, and the waste's solubility, mobility
  and toxicity stabilize. When using the soil
  vapor-extraction technique, venting and gas
  treatment systems are sometimes employed. Soil
  washing involves mixing water and contaminated
  soil in an extractor vessel.

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Thermal Techniques

• Thermal techniques include thermal desorption,
  pyrolysis and incineration. With thermal
  desorption, organics are physically separated
  from the soil without decomposition. Pyrolysis is
  defined as a chemical decomposition of the toxins
  in the soil by heating it. By incinerating the
  soil, the organic contaminants are permanently
  destroyed.

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Engineering and Containment Techniques

• Engineering and containment techniques for land
  remediation involve using structures and devices
  to keep water away from contaminated soil.
  Low-permeability cut-off walls are installed
  below the ground and include slurry walls, ground
  barriers and sheet piping. Capping systems are
  impermeable membranes and materials used to
  contain the contaminated materials permanently.
  Carbon absorption and air-stripping are both used
  in subsurface drainage. Lastly, pump-and-treat
  systems are used in the removal of contaminant
  masses.

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SOURCE http//www.ehow.com/list_7561038_contamina
ted-land-remediation-techniques.htmlIMAGES
http//envirolab.com.au/sydney/