ARDS

1
ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME(ARDS)
2
OBJECTIVES

• LOVE ME TODAY, TOMORROW, THE NEXT DAY, UNTIL
  FOREVER!
• AKO LANG DAPAT AND TINATAWAG MO NG MAHAL KO,
  WALA NG IBA!
• AKIN KA LANG, AKIN LANG!
• BAWAL MAMBABAE SI MATTHEW )
• My Objectives
• - mas mabait na ako
• - di na ako magseselos maxado -_-
• - MERON NAMAN AKO TIWALA PO (inisip mo lang na
  wala kapag nag seselos ako)

3
INTRODUCTION

• First described as clinical syndrome in 1967 by
  Ashbaugh Petty . 
• It is also known as
• ? Adult hyaline membrane disease
• ? Congestive atelectasis
• ? Progressive pulmonary consolidation
• ? Hemorrhagic atelactasis
• ? Pump lung
• ? Shock lung
• ? Wet lung
• ? White lung 
• 45,000 Filipinos are diagnosed of Acute
  Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) each year.

4
This sequence of events can happen rapidly. It
can start in one lung and advance to the other.
If the inflammation persists over time, the lungs
will eventually attempt to heal the damage, which
results in the formation of scar tissue. The
formation of scar tissue will continue to create
a problem with gas exchange.

• It is the inflammation of the lung tissue that
  results in a loss of function. The alveoli lose
  their ability to exchange oxygen and carbon
  dioxide with the blood. This loss of function of
  the alveoli is due to collapse of the air sacs
  and leakage of fluid into the air sacs.

5
Cause

• Direct lung injury
• Indirect lung injury

6
Direct lung injury

• Pneumonia
• Pulmonary contusion
• Aspiration of gastric contents
• Fat emboli
• Near drowning
• Obstructed airways
• Tuberculosis
• Oxygen toxicity
• Radiation
• Cardiopulmonary bypass
• Breathing smoke, chemicals, or salt water

7
Indirect lung injury

• Sepsis
• Severe Trauma with Shock
• Acute Pancreatitis
• Transfusion of blood products
• Hypothermia
• Eclampsia
• Embolism
• Overdoses of alcohol or certain drugs (eg.
  aspirin, cocaine, opioids, phenothiazines, and
  tricyclic antidepressants)
• Burns

8
Risk factors

• Modifiable risk factors
• - Smoking
• - Alcoholism
• - Hypotension
• Non-modifiable risk factors
• - Age over 65
• - Sex (More common in Men)
• - Race (African-American)

9
Signs and Symptoms

• Common signs and symptoms of ARDS include

• Low BP
• Abnormal breath sounds (crackles)
• Shortness of breath
• Fast, labored breathing
• Bluish skin or fingernail color
• Rapid pulse
• Fever
• Chills
• Muscle pain or weakness
• Headache
• Mental confusion
• Dry hacking cough
• They often develop within 24-48 hours of the
  injury

10
Laboratory and Diagnostic Findings

• Arterial blood gas analysis reveals Hypoxemia.
• A Complete blood count may be taken. The number
  of white blood cells is increased in sepsis.
• CT scan of the chest may be required only in some
  situations (routine chest x-ray is sufficient in
  most cases).
• Abnormal breath sounds upon auscultation, such as
  crackling.
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vnE0dKCbveJ8

Download mo yang link and hyperlink mo na lang sa
word na crackling
11

• Chest x-ray will show the presence of fluid in
  the lungs and diffuse bilateral infiltrates with
  a narrow vascular pedicle .

12

• Echocardiogram (an ultrasound of the heart) may
  help rule out any heart problems that can cause
  fluid build-up in the lung.
• Bronchoscopy (a procedure used to look inside the
  windpipe and large airways of the lung) may be
  considered to evaluate the possibility of lung
  infection.
• Sputum cultures and analysis this test is used to
  study the spit you've coughed up from your lungs.
  A sputum culture can help find the cause of an
  infection

13
Stages of ARDS
14
Pathophysiology
15
I. Discharge Planning
16
M EDICATION E XERCISE T REATMENT H eaLTh
TEACHING O UT PATIENT d IET S OCIAL/SPIRITUAL
17
mEDICATION

• Continue giving medications prescribed by her
  Physician in order to help her alleviate pain(if
  present) and to contribute in the wellness of the
  client.

18
Exercise

• Recommend exercises that would help the
  patient gradually regain her body strength such
  as range of motion exercises. Avoid exercises
  that would be too much for the client.

19
TREATMENT

• Be sure that the procedures that the client
  will undergo will be accomplished to promote
  wellness of the client.

20
Health teaching

• Provide proper health education about the
  situation of the client. Teach the significant
  others about the ways on how the client will
  improve her condition such as healthy lifestyle,
  including proper nutrition, sleep and rest
  pattern, exercise, proper hygiene, clean and safe
  environment.

21
Out patient

• Remind the significant others about the
  schedule of check-ups of the client in order to
  determine her wellness or state. Giving
  information on the presence of the health
  agencies and their function

22
DIET

• Recommend diet that was told by the doctor
  for the client to have proper nutrition. Such as
  low salt low fat diet, high in protein and
  carbohydrates, vitamins and mineral.

23
Social/Spiritual

• The client must observe social interactions
  so that she will feel accepted by the society.
  And also, provide spiritual needs of the family.

24
THANKYOU!
25
MEMBERS Aboga, Ma. Joan - (Patients
Profile) Arino, Sunshine - (Patients
History) Avillanoza, Rodeve - (Anatomy and
Physiology) Bautista, Kris - (Medications) Bico,
Maribelle - (Nursing Care Plan) Callao, Gabriel
- (Phatophysiology) Canaveral, Jessa - (Nursing
Care Plan) Canotal, Ma. Aileen - (Laboratory
Results) De Castro, Denvy (Discharge
Planning) Delena, Michelle - (Gordons
Assessment)