Autism

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Autism

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Definition

• Autism a neurological and social development
  disorder.
• Primary characteristics involve limited and
  impaired social interaction, difficulties in both
  non-verbal and verbal communication, and limited
  and often repetitive behaviors.
• Detectable from a relatively early age
  structured interventions are necessary to
  influence the limitations in child development.

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Symptoms of autism in children

• Generally involve broad-spectrum difficulties and
  limitations in a childs development.
• Effects are evident in three major aspects of
  life.
• 1. Social interaction and relationship the child
  experiences significant problems in acquiring
  communication skills (eye-to-eye contact, facial
  expressions, bodily responses).

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Symptoms of autism in children

• 2. Verbal and non-verbal communication delay in
  talking (40 of people with autism never talk).
• - difficulty in initiating and responding to
  a communication
• - use of repetitive words and behaviors.
• - challenges in general communication,
  verbally and in terms of body language.
• 3. Lack of, or little interest activities many
  autistic children do not show interest in regular
  play and other activities.

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Causes of Autism

• Prenatal factors
• Consumption of antidepressants when one is
  pregnant, especially in the first 90 days of
  pregnancy.
• Lack of adequate folic acid during pregnancy
• The age of the parents babies born to older
  fathers and mothers have a higher probability of
  being autistic.
• Complications during birth
• Maternal infections at the time of pregnancy

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Types of Autism

1. Autistic disorder/classic autism late language
   development, challenges in communication, little
   affection or emotional contact.
2. Aspergers Syndrome deficiencies in social
   skills, trouble adapting to transition or change,
   alterations in routine may be upsetting

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Types of Autism

• 3. Childhood Disintegrative Disorder severe
  regression in communication skills, social
  behavior, and motor skills. lack of interest in
  socializing, loss of toilet training skills, lack
  of interest in playing with their peers.
• - most common from age 4.
• 4. Rett syndrome more common in females,
• - marked by poor brain growth problems with
  walking, crawling

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Treatment and Intervention

• Professional help necessary for effective
  intervention in autism
• Interventions involving applied behavior
  analysis, language and speech therapy, structured
  teaching, social skills therapy, and occupational
  therapy are essential.
• Involvement of parents/guardians and other
  siblings and the application of therapy in a
  family environment, with the help and guidance of
  a professional, is essential.

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