Fertilisation and growth - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Fertilisation and growth

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Title: Fertilisation and growth

1
Starter
Sex always leads to pregnancy
Do you agree with this statement?
2
2.3 Fertilisation and growth
How does this ...
... turn into this?
Share your ideas with a partner and be ready to
share your ideas with the class.
3

female
This is the tube that the egg travels down to get
to the womb. Fertilisation usually happens here.

Oviduct or Fallopian tube
This is where the fertilised egg would implant
and develop into a foetus.

These release the egg cells

Uterus
Ovary

This is a muscular tube that opens to the outside
of the body. Sperm is deposited here.
Vagina

This holds the foetus in place if the egg has
been fertilised. It is a muscle that closes the
top of the vagina.
Cervix
4

male

Bladder

These secrete a liquid to add to the sperm. The
sperm and liquid together is called semen.
The sperm travels up this tube from the testicles.

Sperm duct
Gland
For placing sperm into the female

Penis

This joins to the sperm duct. Semen and urine
leave the penis through this.

Urethra

The sperm is produced here.
Testes
This skin surrounds the testes, holding them
outside of the body to keep sperm at the correct
temperature.

Scrotum
5
Outline the route taken from the testes by the
sperm as it leaves the body
Sperm leaves the testes and travels along the
sperm duct...
... which travels through the glands.
The glands provide the sperm cells with food so
that they have energy for swimming.
The sperm duct joins with the urethra...
... which carries the sperm out of the body.
6
SPERM

Males produce sex cells called _______ in the
testes.
Females produce sex cells called ______(ova) in
the ovaries.
When the nucleus of an egg and a sperm fuse
together, this process is called ____________.

EGGS
FERTILISATION
Not to scale! (not in proportion)
Scientists need to research the reproductive
system to help people have babies and also to
help breed animals!
7
http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21681462 http//www.
bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-24533793
8
Male sex cells sperm
Millions made every day
head
tail
middle piece
nucleus containing DNA
cell membrane
How is this cell specialised for its function?
9
Female sex cells egg
cytoplasm provides nutrients for embryo
nucleus containing DNA controls cell division
cell membrane
jelly coat makes sure that only 1 sperm can
fertilise the egg
How is this cell specialised for its function?
10

Copy and complete the table below.

Sperms Eggs/Ova
small
cannot move much
no food store
1 released per month
large
has a tail for swimming
has a food store
millions made each day
11
Fertilisation!
12
What is fertilisation and where does it take
place?
13
What is fertilisation?
Fertilisation is when the sperm and the egg FUSE
together.
14
Where does fertilisation take place?

Fertilisation takes place at the oviduct
(fallopian tube).
15

What happens after fertilisation ?

VIDEO
16
A nucleus contains chromosomes
The nucleus contains the chromosomes which carry
your DNA.
17
Where did you get your chromosomes from?
You got half of your chromosomes from your mum
and half from your dad
Who did you inherit you eye colour from? Nose
shape? Hair colour?
18
Draw this diagram in your books
Can you explain what this diagram shows? What is
the name of this process?
19
What happens to the zygote?
After fertilisation the zygote continues to move
down the fallopian tube/oviduct to the uterus
20
What happens to the zygote?
The fertilised egg (zygote) then divides and
copies itself several times. It then becomes a
ball of cells called an embryo.
VIDEO
21
Passing on the instructions
Use the keywords to identify the key stages on
the worksheet.
22
What happens in the womb?
Lining of womb/uterus thickens ready to receive
the embryo
23
Implantation
Embryo attaches itself to the uterus wall. This
is called IMPLANTATION.
24
Put these statements into the correct order
Number What happens?
The ZYGOTE reproduces to make a ball of cells called an EMBRYO.
The EMBRYO develops into a foetus (an unborn baby).
The egg is release from the ovary into the fallopian tube
The sperm and egg join together. This is called fertilisation and it makes a ZYGOTE.
The EMBRYO travels into the uterus and implants in the lining.
25
Match the picture with the correct statement

26
Pregnancy this is when a baby grows inside a
woman.
The baby grows inside the womb (the uterus).
It is protected by a bag of water, and gets food
from the woman through the placenta.
27
What happens after fertilisation?
The zygote (fertilised egg) divides and copies
itself. This is called an embryo. The embryo
floats towards the uterus.
28
Embryo implants in the uterus wall
29
A placenta starts to develop
30
3 - 5 weeks
Weeks 3-5 The embryos tiny heart begins to
beat by day twenty-one. Arm and leg buds are
visible and the formation of the eyes, lips, and
nose has begun.
31
(No Transcript)
32
7 weeks
Week 7 - Major organs have all begun to form.
The embryo has developed its own blood type,
unique from the mothers. Hair follicles and
knees and elbows are visible.
33
8 - 12 weeks
Weeks 8-12 The embryo is reactive to its
environment inside the amniotic sac where it
swims and moves. Hands and feet can be seen.
34
13 - 16 weeks
Weeks 13-16 The brain is fully developed and the
foetus can suck, swallow, and make irregular
breathing sounds. Foetus can feel pain.
35
20 - 24 weeks
Weeks 20-24 Foetus has a hand and footprints and
fingerprints are forming. Foetus practices
breathing by inhaling amniotic fluid into its
developing lungs.
36
25 - 28 weeks
Weeks 25-28 Rapid brain development occurs
during this period. The foetus eyelids now
open and close.
37
29 - 32 weeks
Weeks 2932 There is a rapid increase in the
amount of body fat the foetus has.
38
40 weeks
Week 40 Baby is fully developed and ready to be
born.
39
Task - Pregnancy worksheet Name
_______________ Write the correct
statement next to the correct picture.
Week 8
Week 10
Week 20
Week 30
Week 40
40
Write the correct statement next to the correct
picture
The embryo is now called a foetus and has human
features
The foetus is 30cm long and the brain is very
active. The foetus sleeps and wakes at regular
intervals
The foetus has defined fingers and toes and
begins to grow hair, eyelashes and nails
The foetus is 7 cm long and has all body parts
are in place
The foetus is fully developed and ready to be
born, it is about 50 cm long and about 3.5kg
41
Answers
Week 8
The embryo is now called a foetus and has human
features
Week 10
The foetus is 7 cm long and has all body parts
are in place
The foetus has defined fingers and toes and
begins to grow hair, eyelashes and nails
Week 20
The foetus is 30cm long and the brain is very
active. The foetus sleeps and wakes at regular
intervals
Week 30
The foetus is fully developed and ready to be
born, it is about 50 cm long and about 3.5kg
Week 40
42

43
The ZYGOTE divides and three days later it
becomes a ball of cells called an EMBRYO.
At about 9 weeks the foetus is about 25mm long is
completely formed. The placenta and umbilical
cord allow the exchange of carbon dioxide and
oxygen and to get rid of waste.
The egg is released on the 14th day of a womans
cycle.
At 39 weeks the foetus is ready to be born and is
fully developed.
The embryo IMPLANTS into the uterus lining and a
PLACENTA and UMBILICAL CORD start to develop.
Millions of sperm are released into the vagina
during intercourse. When the sperm fuses with the
egg cell it is called FERTILISATION.
44
How does the foetus get oxygen?
Any ideas?
45
The placenta
46
How does the foetus get the
substances it needs?
Oxygen Water Vitamins Drugs (some) Viruses
(almost all) Nutrients
Foetus
Mother
Carbon dioxide Water Waste products
? substances cross placenta, then.... ? enter
into the babys blood through umbilical cord
47
Amniotic fluid acts as a cushion
TASK Colour in the placenta and amniotic fluid
in different colours. Copy and complete the
statements below _______________ - Supports and
protects against shocks and physical
damage. _______________ - Supplies nutrients
and oxygen, from the mothers blood, to the
foetus blood via the umbilical cord AND also
removes carbon dioxide and other waste products.
Amniotic Fluid
Umbilical Cord
48
Label the diagram
Foetus (baby)
Amniotic fluid
Amniotic sac
Umbilical cord
Placenta
49
Answers
50