Type & system of farming

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TYPES AND SYSTEMS OF FARMING
SHASHANK KSHANDAKAR M-5405
DIVISION OF LES IT
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INTRODUCTION

• A farm is an area of land, or water bodies,
  devoted primarily to the practice of producing
  and managing food , fibre fuel.

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FARMING

• Farming is the activity of growing crops and
  raising livestock
• Food security
• High productivity enhanced farm income
• Effective recycling of resources
• Employment generation

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TYPE OF FARMING

• The types of farming refers to the nature
  degree of products or combination of product
  being produced in a farm the method of practice
  used in the farm
• SYSTEM OF FARMING
• The system of farming concerned with the
  organisational set-up under which the farm is
  being run

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FACTORS DETERMINING
THE TYPE OF FARMING

• Physical factor 1.Climate
  
  2.Soil 3.Topography
• Economic Social factors
• 1.
  Availability of capital labour
• 
  2.Location of processing plant
• 
  3.Marketing facilities transportation
• Objective of the farmer
• 
  1.Income
• 
  2.Production
• 
  3.Minimising cost

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THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE

• The climate of a particular place affect what
  types of
• plant grow well here
• Important factor are
• Hours of sunshine
• Temperature
• Rainfall
• Way to overcome on climate affects
• Greenhouse
• Artificial irrigation system
• New verities new farm management practice
• Agri - insurance livestock's insurance

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TYPES OF FARMING

• A.On the basis of income derived from
  enterprises.
• 1. specialised farming
• 2. diversified farming
• 3. mixed farming
  
• B.On the basis of farm size.
• 1.large scale farming
• 2.small scale farming
• C.On the basis of annual rainfall.
• 1.Dry farming
• 2.Dry land farming
• 3.Rainfed farming

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Continue..... D. On the basis of value of
Products/Income or Comparative Advantages
1.Extensive farming 2.Intensive
farming E. Other type 1.Ranching or
pastoral farming 2.Irrigated or garden land
farming 3.Organic farming 4.Landless
livestock farming
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SPECIALISED FARMING

• Major enterprise contribute more than 50 to
  total farm income.(Particular enterprises is
  predominant) e.g. dairy farming, poultry farming,
  sugarcane farming etc.
• Advantage -
• Efficient utilisation of land, labour
  equipment.
• Better management marketing.
• Efficiency skill are increased.
• Disadvantage
• Greater risk
• Fertility of soil cant be maintained.

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DIVERSIFIED FARMING

• A number of enterprises are taken up on a farm
  no single enterprise are relative more
  important.e.g.CropLivestockfishery farming
• Advantage
• Better use of resources .
• Risk is reduced.
• Regular quicker return are obtained from
  various sources.
• Disadvantage
• Marketing is insufficient.
• Ineffective supervision mismanagement.
• Better equipping of the farm is not possible.

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MIXED FARMING

• Combination of two or more than independent
  agricultural enterprises on the same farm.
  (Tandon Doan dayal)
• In mixed farming system income from livestock
  sector should be at least 10-49 (Chauhan)
• Advantage
• Efficient use of land, labour, equipment other
  resources
• Proper use of by-product.
• Provide employment better income throughout the
  year
• Disadvantage
• Ineffective supervision mismanagement.
• Better equipping of the farm is not possible.

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LARGE SCALE FARMING

• Size of herd or flock is large and it need
  more land, labour capital
• Advantage
• Per unit cost of production is less
• Mechanization of farm activities
• Increased efficiency of land, labour by
  product
• Easy to get finance
• Better marketing of product
• Disadvantage
• Risk is high(natural calamities ,labour strike ,
  price fluctuation)
• Difficulties in supervision

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SMALL SCALE FARMING

• Size of herd or flock is small and it is easy to
• managed by family labour requires less
  capital.
• Advantage
• Risk is low due to natural calamities, price
  fluctuation.
• Effective supervision.
• Disadvantage
• Per unit cost of production is high.
• Mechanization of farm activities are not
  possible.
• Farmer dont get employment round the year.

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DRY FARMING

• Farming in the area where rainfall is deficient
  with coincidence of high wind velocity resulting
  into heavy water loss and there is no assured
  source of artificial irrigation.

Types of dry farming Annual rainfall
Dry farming Less than 750 mm
Dry land farming More than 750 mm less than 1150 mm
Rain fed farming More than 1150 mm
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INTENSIVE FARMING
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• More capital is used in small area
• Intensive farming involves chemical, fertilizer,
  pesticides, growth regulator hormones.
• Provide large quantity of relative cheap food.
• Intensive farms are profitable

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Maximise output by various methods
e.g. multi-tier system of poultry farming

• Birds with high growth rates are reared.
• High digestibility diets (growth hormones and
  antibiotics) High production diet are fed to
  bird.
• Restricted movement.
• Controlled environment.
• Animals bred for food(Meat egg)
• More growth more production more income

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MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS

• .

Enclosed animals Disease spreads quickly
Pesticides Disturb food chain Pollutes rivers, lakes, air
Use lots of antibiotics Dont tell consumer
Hormone enhanced meat Growth hormones can affect the consumer
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EXTENSIVE FARMING

• Extensive farming is an agricultural
  production system that uses small inputs of
  labour, fertilizers, capital relative to the
  land area being farmed e.g. sheep and cattle
  farming
• Extensive farming systems strongly depend on
  natural factors
• Advantages
• Mechanisation can be used more effectively .
• Less labour per unit areas is required.
• Animal welfare
• Lower requirements of inputs such as fertilizers.
• Local environment and soil are not damaged by
  over use of chemicals.
• Disadvantages
• Yields much lower than intensive farming in the
  short term.

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Ranching or pastoral farmingPractice of grazing
animal on pasture. Common practice in cooler
region with less population density.Irrigated
/garden land farmingArtificial resource of water
for irrigation in area where rainfall is
insufficient. Landless livestock farming Practice
of grazing animals on the road side ,Govt Land,
forest practice of grazing animal on
pasturecommon practice in cooler region with
less population densityIrrigated /garden land
farmingArtificial resource of water for
irrigation in area where rainfall is insufficient
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ORGANIC FARMING

• Organic farming is the form of agriculture that
  relies on technique such as crop rotation green
  manure, compost, and biological pest control to
  maintain soil productivity to control pest on
  farm
• Economics.
• Consumer safety.
• Bacterial contamination( Meta-analysis determined
  that prevalence of E. coli contamination was not
  significant)
• Pesticide residues(Organic produce had 30 lower
  risk for contamination with any detectable
  pesticide residue)

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SYSTEMS OF FARMING
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PEASANT FARMING

• Organisational set up in which individual
  cultivator is the owner, manager, organiser of
  the farm.
• Huge numbers of people living in densely
  packed(Fertile land and high yields)area.
• Equatorial / monsoon climate.(high temperatures
  and high rainfall with wet and drier season).
• Farmer free to take all type of decision.
• Resources are limited

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STATE FARMING

• Farm operation management is done by Government
  official or university.
• No limitation of resources.
• Mechanization of farm activities
• Supervision by farm manager
• Laboured hired on daily/monthly basis.
• State farming is not profitability

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CAPITALISTIC FARMING

• Estate farming
• Ownership management under rich
  person(capitalists),or Group of individuals
  (Shareholder)
• Farm size is large.
• Management are very efficient.
• Resources are not limited.
• New technology are easily adopted.
• Mechanization of farm activities.
• Common in USA,CANADA ,hills of INDIA

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COLLECTIVE FARMING

• Farm ownership management under society.
• All family head member surrender their land ,
  livestock , and machine to the society.
• Management committee elected by member.
• Farm is considered as a unit.
• Resources belong to society.
• Payment to the workers on the basis of quality
  and quantity of work.
• Committee provide services to their member.
• Very common in communist countries(China ,Cuba
  etc.)

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CO-OPERATIVE FARMING

• Members pool their resources voluntarily manage
  farm jointly under a democratic set-up.
• Pooled land treated as one unit.
• Effective utilisation of pooled resources.
• Farmer retain right on his own land.
• A part of the profit is divided in proportion to
  the land contributors, and rest is distributed in
  proportion to the labour contributed by each
  farmer.

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Classification of co-operative farming society

• All India co-operative planning committee(1951)
  classify co-operative farming society into 4 group

Type of co-operative farming society Type of ownership Operation ship
Co-operative better farming Individual Individual
Co-operative joint farming Individual collective
Co-operative tenant farming collective Individual
Co-operative collective farming collective collective
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Conclusion

• 16 of world human population and 16(approx) of
  livestock population sustain on just 2.4 of
  total land
• The share of agriculture and allied sectors in
  India's GDP has declined to 13.7 per cent in
  2012-13 (15.33.6 in 2010-2011) respectively,
  from agriculture and livestock sector(NDDB)
• Mechanisation in agriculture sector has been only
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• Mixed farming along with application of new
  scientific technology is best at present
  situation

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Thank you