gas power plant FGPP NTPC

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Faridabad
A PRESENTATION ON SUMMER TRAINING
OVER ALL VIEW OF GAS POWER PLANTAT NTPC

• OM PRAKASH(EE-13-04D)
• 2nd year,EEE

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ABOUT NTPC

• NTPC , the largest power Company in India, was
  setup in 1975 to accelerate power development in
  the country.
• NTPC has installed capacity of 29,394 MW.
• It has 15 coal based power stations (23,395 MW).
• 7 gas based power stations (3,955 MW).
• 4 power stations in Joint Ventures (1,794 MW).
• Today NTPC contributes more than 3 / 5th of the
  total power generation in India.

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About NTPC Faridabad

• Plant Capacity 432 MW
• Plant Configuration Gas Turbine 1 - 138 MW
• Gas Turbine 2 - 138 MW
  
• Steam Turbine - 156 MW
  
• Fuel Natural Gas
• Alternate Fuel Naphtha / HSD
• Average Gas requirement 2 million cubic meters
  per day
• Cooling water Rampur Distributary source
• Power Evacuation 2X220 KV Double circuit lines
  to220KV BBMB sub-station at Samaipur (Ballabgarh)
  , 2X220 KV Double Circuit lines to 220 KV HVPN
  sub-station at Palla (Faridabad)

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Gas Power Plant

• The FGPP basically devied into three sub-plant
• Main plant
• Control and instrumentation (C I)
• Switchyard

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How can water be heated to make steam?
The smoke is dirty and pollutes the atmosphere.
Also produces lots of carbon dioxide which is a
green house gas heats up the Earth.
Old way Burn coal
Newer way Burn gas
Gas is cleaner than coal but still makes lots of
carbon dioxide
Eventually the world will run out of coal and gas.
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GENERATOR

• The Synchronus Generator is used to generate
  power by connecting the shaft of the Turbine to
  the shaft of the generator which create the
  magnetic flux producing Emf.
• The generated voltage will generally 33 KV to 11
  KV max.
• the generated Voltage is stepped up by
  connecting Step up transformer and is also used
  for auxilliary purpose.

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• Working principle
• Air is compressed(squeezed) to high pressure by a
  compressor.
• Then fuel and compressed air are mixed in a
  combustion chamber and ignited.
• Hot gases are given off, which spin the turbine
  wheels.
• Gas turbines burn fuels such as oil, natural gas
  and pulverized(powdered) coal.
• Gas turbines have three main parts
• Air compressor
• ii) Combustion chamber
• iii) Turbine

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APPLICATIONS OF GAS TURBINE

• Conventional applications are
• Simple cycle operation.
•  Combined cycle operation.
• Electric utility companies use gas turbine
  predominantly in simple cycle and combined cycle
  applications.
• Combined cycle operation is much efficient than
  open cycle operation.

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Brayton cycle pressure-volume diagram for a unit
mass of working fluid (e.g., air), showing work
(W) and heat (Q) inputs and outputs
Schematic of Combined Cycle (CCGT) plant
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STEAM TURBINE

• There are 1 steam turbine in number, present in
  the full FGPP
• The two waste heat recovery boilers combined
  their output to two turbine.
• The turbine gets its feed from the low pressure
  (LP) and high pressure (HP) drums.
• The low pressure drums give its output directly
  to the turbine but the HP drums give its output
  to the supper heater and then to the turbine.
• In this way, steam turbine consists of two
  turbines Low Pressure(LP) and High Pressure(HP)
  turbines.
• The steam turbine operates on Rankine cycle.

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Water
Super Heated Steam
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LINE DIAGRAM SHOWING GAS TO ELECTRICITY
CONVERSION AT NTPC-FARIDABAD
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HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR(HRSG) When the
plant is running in open cycle i.e. when the gas
turbine is only running then the efficiency is a
mere 30 but if we run the plant in a closed
combined cycle which includes the gas as well as
the steam turbines then we can achieve an
efficiency of about 50. Thus it is profitable to
run the plant in a combined cycle mode.
HRSG CONSTRUCTION
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CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION
IT IS THE SCIENCE OF MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL OF
PROCESS PARAMETERS LIKE TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE,
LEVEL ETC..
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• Control System
• An arrangement of elements interconnected and
  interacting in such a way as to maintain or to
  affect in a prescribed manner, some condition of
  a body, process or machine which forms part of
  the system.
• Instruments
• A device or combination of devices used directly
  or indirectly to measure and display a variable.

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Instruments Selection Criterion

• Instruments Selection is influenced by
  following factors
• i) Required accuracy of measurement
• ii) Range of Measurement
• iii) The form of final data display required
• iv) Process media
• v) Cost
• vi) Calibration and repair facilities required/
  available
• vii) Layout restriction
• viii) Maintenance requirement/ availability

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POWER STATION INSTRUMENTION

• TEMPERATURE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
• PRESSURE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
• LEVEL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
• FLOW MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
• POSITION MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
• TURBO SUPERVISIORY INSTRUNMENTS

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POWER PLANT CONTROL AREAS
The power Plant is a complex system of machinery
operating in a functionally integrated manner
with the help of instrumentation control
systems.

• BOILER CONTROLS OR SG-CONTROLS
• TURBINE CONTROLS OR TG- CONTROLS
• BALANCE OF PLANT OR BOP CONTROLS
• OFF SITE CONTROLS

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Goals of Power Generation Lower Cost of
Generation Higher Efficiency higher output
(increasing plant load factor and plant
availability) Good Quality Higher
Reliability Reducing transmission and
distribution losses, Environment Friendly ,
Clean and Green Sustainable Power is need of the
day. Energy Security
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Old Control Room with many windows
New Control room with large screens
Manpower per MW
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SWITCHYARD
A switchyard connects and disconnects lines on
the grid for various reasons. The operations and
equipment are essentially all at the same voltage
level. 
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Tasks of switch yard

• Protection of transmission system.
• Controlling the exchange of power.
• Maintain the system frequency within the targeted
  levels.
• Determination of power transfer through
  transmission lines.
• Fault analysis and subsequent improvements.
• Communication.

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• The basic work done by this department is
  distribution of power. The power is generated at
  6.6kV voltage level to reduce power losses during
  transmission ,the voltage is increased upto 220kV
  using step up transformer viz. generator-1,2 and
  steam generator.
• In switchyard there area 11bays in total 3 bays
  namely main bus-1,main bus-2 transfer bus
  through tapings are made. Finally four
  transmission lines are extended from the
  switchyard towards two different substations
  namely
• PALLA-1 ,PALLA-2 ,SAMAYPUR-1 ,SAMAYPUR-2.
• Various protective schemes are employed at each
  level of the transmission system having various
  equipments like
• Relays
• Isolators
• Current transformers
• Circuit breakers
• Lightening arresters
• Power communication carrier(PCC)
• have been employed in switchyard.

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OUTDOOR EQUIPMENTS BUS BAR LIGHTENING
ARRESTER BREAKER CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE
TRANSFORMER EARTHING ROD CURRENT
TRANSFORMER POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER INDOOR
EQUIPMENTS RELAYS CONTROL PANNEL CIRCUIT
BREAKERS
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220 KV BUS SCHEMES
Double main and Transfer bus scheme
Main Bus-2
Main Bus-1
Bus Coupler
Transfer Bay
Transfer Bus
6 Generators 2 Stn.transformers
8 Transmission lines
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Busbars (long heavy tube type)

• BUSBAR (or bus, for short) is a term we use for
  a main bar or conductor carrying an electric
  current to which many connection may be made.
• Buses are merely convenient means of connecting
  switches and other equipment into various
  arrangements. The usual arrangement of
  connections in most substations permit working on
  almost any piece of equipment without
  interruption to incoming or outgoing feeders. In
  the switchyard or substation, buses are open to
  the air. Aluminum or copper conductors supported
  on porcelain insulators, carry the electric
  energy from point to point.

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Disconnect Switch ( moving contact rod (A)
contacts with flexible fingers (B) )
A
B
DISCONNECT is an easily removed piece of the
actual conductor of a circuit. The purpose of
disconnects is to isolate equipment. Disconnects
are not used to interrupt circuits they are
no-load devices. A typical use of disconnects is
to isolate a circuit breaker by installing one
disconnect on either side of the circuit breaker
(in series with the breaker). Operation of
disconnects is one of the most important and
responsible jobs of a power plant operator. One
error in isolation of equipment, or the
accidental grounding of line equipment, can be a
fatal mistake.
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Operating Mechanism Panel
Circuit Breakers ( Connected in a typical 3-phase
circuit )
Position Indicator

• CIRCUIT BREAKER is used to interrupt circuits
  while current is flowing through them. The making
  and breaking of contacts in a Oil type circuit
  breaker are done under oil, this oil serves to
  quench the arc when the circuit is opened. The
  operation of the breaker is very rapid when
  opening. As with the transformer, the high
  voltage connections are made through bushings.
  Circuit breakers of this type are usually
  arranged for remote electrical control from a
  suitably located switchboard.
• Some recently developed circuit breakers have
  no oil, but put out the arc by a blast of
  compressed air these are called air circuit
  breakers. Another type encloses the contacts in a
  vacuum or a gas (sulfur hexafluoride, SF6) which
  tends to self maintain the arc.

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CIRCUIT BREAKER RELAYS A circuit breakeris
an automatically operated electrical switch
designed to protectan electrical current from
damage caused by over load or short cicuit. Its
basic function is to detect a fault condition
and,by interrupting continuity,to immediately
discontinue electrical flow. The circuit
breaker works along witht here lay swhich give a
tripping signal in case of any irregularity or
the faults. The circuit breaker then opens to
open the circuit such that other instruments of
the system can be protected
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Current and voltage transformers Current or
voltage instrument transformers are necessary for
isolating the protection, control and measurement
equipment from the high voltages of a power
system, and for supplying the equipment with the
appropriate values of current and voltage -
generally these are 1A or 5? for the current
coils, and 120 V for the voltage coils.
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
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LIGHTNING ARRESTER A lightning arrester is a
device used on electrical power systems and
telecommunication systems to protect the
insulation and conductors of the syste from the
damaging effects of lightning. The typical
lightning arrester has a high-voltage terminal
and a ground terminal. When a lightning surge
(or switching surge,which is very similar)
travels along the power line to the arrester,the
current from the surge is diverted through the
arrestor,in most cases to earth.
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Clamps and Connectors
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Wave trapper

• Trap signals and send it to PLCC control Room
• For information purpose

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ADVANTAGES OF GAS BASED PLANTS

• High Thermal Efficiency
• Low Water Requirements
• Environment Friendly
• Fast Start-Up
• Low Installation Cost

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