PPT

1
MULTI DISCIPLINARY PROJECT
TOPIC EXPLORING INDIAN STATES
PUNJAB
2
GROUP MEMBERS

• Saurav Parekar
• Sourav Gondane
• Sourabh Ghosh
• Sourabh Somkuwar
• Sourabh Vairagade
• Sourabh Dekate

3
Contents
Sr. No. Topic Slide No.
1 Location of Punjab 5
2 Climate of Punjab 6
3 Agriculture in Punjab 7
4 Drainage System in Punjab 8
5 Population of Punjab 9
6 Population Growth Rate, Literacy Rate and Sex Ratio 10
7 Punjab Population Density 11
8 Natural Vegetation and Wildlife in Punjab 12
9 Soil in Punjab 13
4
Contents - II
Sr. No. Topic Slide No.
10 Minerals and Ores in the Soil of Punjab 14
11 Medicinal Plants cultivated in Punjab 15
12 Economy of Punjab 16
13 Predicted Population of Punjab and its Analysis 17 - 18
14 Food in Punjab 19
15 ????? ?? ??????? ??????, ??????, ?????? 20 - 22
16 ????? ?? ???????? 23
17 ????? ?? ?????? 24
18 ????? ?? ??????? 25
5
Location of Punjab
Punjab is located in north-western part of the
Indian sub-continent, and has an area of
50,362 km2. It extends from the latitudes 29.30
North to 32.32 North and longitudes 73.55 East
to 76.50 East. It is bounded on the west by
Pakistan, on the north by Jammu and Kashmir, on
the northeast by Himachal Pradesh and on the
south by Haryana and Rajasthan.
6
Climate of Punjab
Climate of Punjab is tropical , semi arid,
hot and subtropical monsoon type with cold winter
and hot summer. State experience four seasons
Cold Season from November to March, hot season
from April to June, Monsoon season from last week
of June to the first week of September and post
monsoon or transition season from Sept till
beginning of November. Hot season i.e. April to
June weather is relatively dry and uncomfortable.
Weather tends to be humid during July September
due to increased moisture contents in the air,
However these months are comfortable due reduced
day temperature.
7
Agriculture in Punjab
Punjab (the five rivers region) is one of the
most fertile regions on earth. The region is
ideal for wheat-growing. Rice, sugar cane, fruits
and vegetables are also grown. Indian Punjab is
called the "Granary of India" or "India's
bread-basket." It produces 20 of India's wheat,
and 9 of India's rice. In worldwide terms, this
represents 1/30th or 3 of the world's production
of these crops, so Indian Punjab produces 2 of
the world's cotton, 2 of its wheat and 1 of the
world's rice. The largest grown crop is wheat.
Other important crops are rice, cotton,
sugarcane, pearl millet, maize, barley and fruit.
The principal crops of Punjab are barley, wheat,
rice, maize and sugarcane. Among the fodder crops
are bajra and jowar. The main sources of
irrigation are canals and tube wells. The economy
of the state primarily depends upon primary
sector. The Rabi or the spring harvest consists
of wheat, gram, barley, potatoes and winter
vegetables. The Kharif or the autumn harvest
consists of rice, maize, sugarcane, cotton and
pulses.
8
Drainage System in Punjab
After the division of India, mainly three rivers
flow in Punjab. These are Ravi, Beas and
Sutlej. The rapid industrialization
urbanization have led to the establishment of
number of industries which in turn has aggravated
the cause of water pollution in the state of
Punjab. The wastewater generated is discharged
into rivers, streams and drains resulting into
pollution of the river system which has degraded
the quality of water of these rivers. Today, the
waters of our major rivers namely River Sutlej,
Beas and Ghaggar have been contaminated to the
level that these are required to be restored to
maintain the quality of water to such an extent
that the water of these rivers can be used for
irrigation and drinking purposes without any ill
effects on the land, crops and inhabitants of the
area.
9
Population of Punjab
Punjab Population 2011 As per details from
Census 2011, Punjab has population of 2.77
Crores, an increase from figure of 2.44 Crore in
2001 census. Total population of Punjab as per
2011 census is 2,77,43,338 of which male and
female are 14,639,465 and 13,103,873
respectively. In 2001, total population was
24,358,999 in which males were 12,985,045 while
females were 11,373,954.  
10
Punjab Population Growth Rate The total
population growth in this decade was 13.89
percent while in previous decade it was 19.76
percent. The population of Punjab forms 2.29
percent of India in 2011. In 2001, the figure was
2.37 percent. Punjab Literacy Rate 2011 Literacy
rate in Punjab has seen upward trend and is 75.84
percent as per 2011 population census. Of that,
male literacy stands at 80.44 percent while
female literacy is at 62.52 percent. In 2001,
literacy rate in Punjab stood at 69.65 percent of
which male and female were 79.66 percent and
60.53 percent literate respectively. In actual
numbers, total literates in Punjab stands at
18,707,137 of which males were 10,436,056 and
females were 8,271,081. Punjab Sex Ratio Sex
Ratio in Punjab is 895 i.e. for each 1000 male,
which is below national average of 940 as per
census 2011. In 2001, the sex ratio of female was
874 per 1000 males in Punjab.
11
Punjab Density 2011

• Total area of Punjab is 50,362 sq. km. Density of
  Punjab is 551 per sq. km which is higher than
  national average 382 per sq. km. In 2001, density
  of Punjab was 484 per sq. km, while nation
  average in 2001 was 324 per sq. km.

12
Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
There are no natural forests in the plains
extensive tracts occur covered only with grass,
shrubs and bushes. The mango fruit is largely
cultivated in the southeast of the Punjab.
Cultivated fruit trees, such as orange,
pomegranate, apple, peach, fig, mulberry, quince,
apricot, almond, and plum are abundant in the
region. The Shivalik area is the richest area of
Punjab in terms of floral and faunal diversity.
The area is rich in faunal diversity, including
396 species of birds, 214 species of Lepidoptera,
55 species of fish, 20 species of reptiles, and
19 species of mammals. Here are a number of
wetlands, bird sanctuaries and zoological parks
across the state.
13
Soil of Punjab
The fertile plains of Punjab produce about
two-third of the food grains, annually in India.
This is largely owing to the fertile soil of
Punjab. Climatic differences result in a variety
of soil which ultimately culminates into a wide
range of crops and vegetation in Punjab.
South-western Punjab is mainly dominated by
calcareous soil which includes desert soil and
sierozem soil. The pH value in this zone ranges
from 7.8 to 8.5 making it alkaline in nature and
also have grey and red desert soil, calsisol
soil, regosol soil and alluvial soil. The soil
of central Punjab ranges from sandy loam to
clayey with pH value from 7.8 to 8.5 making
alkalinity and salinity problematic for this
place. The alluvial soil of this zone can be
widely described as arid and brown soil or
tropical arid brown soil. The soil in Eastern
Punjab is loamy to clayey.
14
Ores and Minerals in the Soil of Punjab
Potential iron ore resources have been discovered
in the soil of Province of Punjab. The government
of Punjab is keen to explore, accurately estimate
and develop these iron ore other metallic
mineral resources including copper, cobalt,
nickel, gold etc. as may be associated with the
iron ore or found in the underlying sulphide zone
on modern geo-scientific lines.
15
Medicinal plants cultivated in Punjab
Some medicinal plants cultivated by the farmers
like aloe vera, basil, mint etc. are used widely
for cooking, and their juice is used as
antibacterial drops for infections. But the
plants like lantern flower and shindal mankundi
can also used as ornamental plants and have
demand as a pretty succulent horticulture plant
for indoor decoration.
16
Economy of Punjab
According to the 2008 Global Hunger Index, Punjab
has the lowest level of hunger in India. Less
than one-fourth of children below the age of five
are underweight, although Punjab "came off worse
than countries like Gabon and Vietnam when
measured on the index". Punjab is considered to
have the best infrastructure in India, this
includes road, rail, air and river transport
links that are extensive throughout the region.
Punjab also has the lowest poverty rate in India
at 6.16 and has won the best state performance
award based on statistical data compiled by the
Indian Government.
17
Predicted population of Punjab from 2001 - 2015
(approx.)
18
Analysis of Graph
Form the above graph we get the information that
there is rise in the population of Punjab. As in
2001 it was 2.43 crores but it is predicted that
till 2015 it will rise to 2.88 crores.
19
Food in Punjab
Within the Punjab region, there are different
preferences. People in the area of Lahore and
Amritsar prefer stuffed parathas and dairy
products. In fact, the area is well known for
quality of its milk products. There are certain
dishes which are exclusive to Punjab, such as
sarson da saag and makki di roti. The main masala
in a Punjabi dish consists of onion, garlic and
ginger. Tandoori food is a Punjabi specialty
especially for non-vegetarian dishes. Indeed,
before the 1947 partition, tandoori cooking in
India was traditionally associated with the
former undivided Punjab. Many of the most popular
elements of Indian cuisine as it is marketed to
non-Indian customers (such as tandoor, naan,
pakoras and vegetable dishes with paneer) is
derived from Punjab.
20
????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???????
??????
?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??
?????? ????? (??????? ?? ?????) ?? ????? ??? ????
???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ??
???, ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???
???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???, ?? ??? ?????
????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????
??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???
???? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??
????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??
??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????
??????, ??????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???????, ?? ???? ??
??? ?? ???? ???
21
??????
??? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??
??????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????
?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??
???? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?????
???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??
?????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????
????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? 13
?????? ?? ????? ???? ???
22
??????
?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????????
??????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????
??????, ??????, ????????? ?? ?????, ????? ???
????? ???? ???
23
????? ?? ??? ?? ????, ??????, ???? ??????? ???
???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??
?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????
- - ?????   -  ??????   -  ????   - 
?????   -  ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???
????? -   -  ??????? - ????? ???? -
?????? ?????? - ?????   
24
????? ?? ??????
????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? -
- ????? - ??? - ???????
- ??????? - ?????? - ???????? - ???????
25
????? ?? ???????
?? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ???
?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????
??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ????
???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????????
??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????????? ??? ??????
???? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??
???????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? - -
?????? - ?????? - ??????? - ???? - ???? -
?????? - ????
26
Vote of Thanks
We, the members of Group-3 would like to thank
our Teachers as well as our Principal Madam Mrs.
Archana Joshi for giving us an wonderful
opportunity to make this presentation.
Thank You for Watching
????? ?? ??? ???? ???????