DAM TYPES

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DAMS
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Definition-

• 
  Dam is a solid barrier constructed at a
  suitable location across a river valley to
  store flowing water
• Storage of water is utilized for following
  objectives -
• Hydro power
• Irrigation
• Water for domestic consumptn
• flood control
• For navigational facilities
• Other additional utilization is to develop
  fisheries

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Purpose Distribution of Dams
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TYPES OF DAMS

• Based on Structural Design-
• 1. Gravity dams
• 2. Arch dams
• 3. Buttress dams

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Gravity dams-

• A gravity dam is a
  solid structure, made of concrete or masonry,
  constructed across a river to create a reservoir
  on its upstream.
• Where good foundations
  
  are available, gravity dams
  
  can be built up to any
  height.
• It is the most permanent one,
  
  and requires little maintenance.

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GRAVITY DAM
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Arch dams-

• These type of dams
  are concrete or masonry dams which are curved or
  convex upstream in plan
• To save in the volume of
  concrete.
• Good for U-shaped valleys
• Easy construction

Reservoir Force
Dam weight
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ARCH DAM
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Buttress dams-

• these type of
  dames water-tight upstream side that is supported
  at intervals on the downstream side by a series
  of buttresses or supports.
• Buttress dams require less
  concrete than gravity
  
  dams.
• can be constructed on
  relatively weaker
  
  foundations.

Reservoir Force
Dam weight
supports
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BUTTRESS DAM
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ADVANTAGES-

• Once a dam is constructed, electricity can be
  produced at a constant rate.
•  The lake's water can be used for irrigation
  purposes.
• The build up of water in the lake means that
  energy can be stored until needed, when the water
  is released to produce electricity.
•  When in use, electricity produced by dam systems
  do not produce green house gases. They do not
  pollute the atmosphere.

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DISADVANATGES-

• Dams are extremely expensive to build and must be
  built to a very high standard. 
•  The flooding of large areas of land means that
  the natural environment is destroyed.
• People living in villages and towns that are in
  the valley to be flooded, must move out. This
  means that they lose their farms and businesses. 

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