Automatic Electrical Appliances Controlling

1
CAPSTONE PROJECT

• Automatic Control of Electrical
  Appliances

Under the Guidance of Mr. Sanjeev Kumar Bhalla
2
General Overview
3
Contents

• Introduction
• Block Diagram
• Project Flow Chart
• Circuit Overview
• Component Used
• Application
• Advantages And Future Development
• Limitations
• Result And Conclusion

4
Introduction

• The basic purpose of this project is to regulate
  the wastage of room light as well as electricity.
  
• In todays world, there is a continuous need for
  automatic appliances.
• The objective of this project is to make a
  controller based model to count number of persons
  visiting particular room and
  accordingly light up the room automatically. Here
  we can use sensor and check or count the number
  of persons present in the room.

5
Block Diagram
6
Project Flow Chart
7
Circuit Overview
8
Component Used

• TRANSFORMER
• CAPACITOR
• RELAYS
• IR SENSOR
• LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
• DIODES
• TRANSISTORS
• MICROCONTROLLER
• OSCILLATOR

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Component Used

• TRANSFORMER
• Type- Transformer 12-0-12 V
• In this project we need 12 volt supply
• With the help of step down transformer we step
  down 230V to 12V
• 12-0-12 V transformer which means 12V on one
  side and 12V on one side and 0V means earth
  or ground.

• TRANSFORMER
• CAPACITOR
• RELAYS
• IR SENSOR
• LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
• DIODES
• TRANSISTORS
• MICROCONTROLLER
• OSCILLATOR

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Component Used

• CAPACITOR
• Type- Electrolyte type, Ceramic type
• A capacitor can store charge.
• Capacitors consist of two conducting plates,
  separated by an insulating material.
• The dielectric could be air, mica, paper, ceramic
  etc.
• Capacitors are of following types
• Electrolytic Capacitor
• Mica Capacitor
• Paper Capacitor

• TRANSFORMER
• CAPACITOR
• RELAYS
• IR SENSOR
• LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
• DIODES
• TRANSISTORS
• MICROCONTROLLER
• OSCILLATOR

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Component Used

• RELAYS
• Type- SPDT
• A relay is an electrically operated switch.
• Relay provide complete electrical isolation.
• The driving circuit may be low voltage operated
  low power circuits that control several kilowatts
  of power.

• TRANSFORMER
• CAPACITOR
• RELAYS
• IR SENSOR
• LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
• DIODES
• TRANSISTORS
• MICROCONTROLLER
• OSCILLATOR

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Component Used

• IR SENSOR
• A pair of LEDs can be used as IR sensors
• The first IR LED is used to emit signals
• The second one receives the input and transmits
  the signals
• When an object comes within the range of the
  emitted IR , it reflects the IR back to the
  receiving LED
• Then a signal is produced from the IR

• TRANSFORMER
• CAPACITOR
• RELAYS
• IR SENSOR
• LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
• DIODES
• TRANSISTORS
• MICROCONTROLLER
• OSCILLATOR

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Component Used

• LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
• Type- 162 LCD
• LCD panel is made of glass. Avoid excessive
  mechanical pressure onto the surface of display
  area.
• Liquid Crystal Display is made use in various
  kinds small display screen in calculator and to
  large screens in televisions.

• TRANSFORMER
• CAPACITOR
• RELAYS
• IR SENSOR
• LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
• DIODES
• TRANSISTORS
• MICROCONTROLLER
• OSCILLATOR

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Component Used

• DIODES
• A Diode is a two terminal electronic component
  that conducts electric current in only one
  direction.
• When two type of material are placed in contact
  with each other a junction is created which
  differently then either type of material.
• Two main type of material are used for the
  designing of Diode
• N type
• P type

• TRANSFORMER
• CAPACITOR
• RELAYS
• IR SENSOR
• LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
• DIODES
• TRANSISTORS
• MICROCONTROLLER
• OSCILLATOR

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Component Used

• TRANSISTORS
• Type- BC 557
• A transistor is semi-conductor device
• The three regions are Base, Emitter Collector
• Electrons are majority charge carriers in N-
  region and in P-region, holes are the majority
  charge carriers.
• Thus two types of charge carriers are involved in
  current flow through N-P-N or P-N-P transistor.
• Transistors are operate in mainly three region
• Saturation Region
• Active Region
• Cut Off Region

• TRANSFORMER
• CAPACITOR
• RELAYS
• IR SENSOR
• LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
• DIODES
• TRANSISTORS
• MICROCONTROLLER
• OSCILLATOR

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Component Used

• MICROCONTROLLER
• Type- AT89S52 Microcontroller
• 8 KB Reprogrammable flash
• 32 Programmable I/O lines
• 16 bit Timer/Counter 3
• 8 Interrupt sources
• Power range 4V 5.5V
• 256 KB internal RAM

• TRANSFORMER
• CAPACITOR
• RELAYS
• IR SENSOR
• LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
• DIODES
• TRANSISTORS
• MICROCONTROLLER
• OSCILLATOR

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Component Used

• OSCILLATOR
• Type- 12 MHz Oscillator
• Frequency stability
• It is an electronic circuit that uses the
  mechanical resonance of vibrating crystal of
  piezoelectric material.
• The material creates an electrical signal with a
  very precise frequency.

• TRANSFORMER
• CAPACITOR
• RELAYS
• IR SENSOR
• LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
• DIODES
• TRANSISTORS
• MICROCONTROLLER
• OSCILLATOR

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Application

• Power Management system.
• Home Management.
• Office Management.
• Industrial Management.
• Auditorium Management.

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Advantages And Future Development

• The Most advantage is that it will help to save
  electricity. When no one is there in room the
  appliances will be off.
• It can be used in various rooms like seminar
  halls , where the capacity of the room is limited
  and should not be exceeded.
• It can be used in our homes because we often
  forget to
• switch off our room lights.
• It helps in energy conservation.
• Voice alarm system can be used to indicate that
  room is
• full person cant enter inside.
• Whole system will work automatically so it
  reduces the human work.

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Limitations

• More than one candidate should not enter or exit
  the room. If it happens it will count it as a
  single person.
• In this Module we are using a room having
  capacity of 20 candidates. So we are using only
  one LCD that can show from 0 to 20 only.
  
  For a large room we will increase
  the limit.

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Result And Conclusion

• In this industrialized world of 21st century one
  thing that is becoming most precious after food,
  air and water is Electricity, On that point of
  view .This Project is useful in developing
  countries and this project has a bright
  future.
• This project helps us to control the Appliances
  of the room automatically and counts the number
  of persons/visitors entering and leaving the
  room. By using this circuit and proper power
  supply we can implement various applications such
  as fans, tube lights etc.
• 
  Electricity Conserved is Electricity Generated

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