Optimum Energy Management System

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Optimum Energy Management System
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Optimum Energy Management System
Abstract

• This application keeps the database of the number
  of persons entering as well as exiting.
• 555 timer driven 38 KHz signal from IR LED gets
  interrupted on to the IR receiver to sense the
  person entering as well as exiting which is fed
  to a 555 timer.
• The output of 555 timer is fed to the
  Microcontroller for analyzing and control purpose

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Optimum Energy Management System
Introduction

• The project is designed to monitor the number of
  persons entering as well as exiting a room.
  Electrical loads are switched ON as the first
  person enters and switches OFF when the last
  person leaves. IR sensors used in combination
  with microcontroller to monitor all the
  operations. This helps in saving lot of energy.

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Optimum Energy Management System
Block Diagram

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Optimum Energy Management System
Hard Ware Equipments

• POWER SUPPLY BLOCK
• MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52/AT89C51)
• IR LED
• BC547
• 555 TIMER
• RELAY

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Optimum Energy Management System
Power Supply
Bridge rectifier
230 V AC 50 Hz
5v Regulator

5V DC
Filter(470µf)
12V step down transformer
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Optimum Energy Management System
555 TIMER
The 555 Has Three Operating Modes

• Monostable mode
• In this mode, the 555 functions as a "one-shot".
  Applications include timers, missing pulse
  detection, switches, touch switches, frequency
  divider, capacitance measurement, pulse-width
  modulation (PWM) etc.

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Optimum Energy Management System

• Astable
• The 555 can operate as an oscillator. Uses
  include LED and lamp flashers, pulse generation,
  logic clocks, tone generation, security alarms,
  pulse position modulation, etc.
• Bistable mode or Schmitt trigger
• The 555 can operate as a flip-flop, if the DIS
  pin is not connected and no capacitor is used.
  Uses include bounce free latched switches, etc.

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Optimum Energy Management System
Micro Controller

• 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash
  Memory
• 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
• Crystal Frequency 11.0592MHZ
• Three-level Program Memory Lock
• 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
• 32 Programmable I/O Lines
• Three 16-bit Timer/Counters

AT89S52
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Optimum Energy Management System
Relay

• It is a electro magnetic switch
• Used to control the electrical devices
• Copper core magnetic flux plays main role here

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Optimum Energy Management System
IR LED

• An IR LED, also known as IR transmitter, is a
  special purpose LED that transmits infrared rays
  in the range of 760 nm wavelength.
• Such LEDs are usually made of gallium arsenide or
  aluminum gallium arsenide. They, along with IR
  receivers, are commonly used as sensors.
• The appearance is same as a common LED. Since the
  human eye cannot see the infrared radiations, it
  is not possible for a person to identify whether
  the IR LED is working or not, unlike a common
  LED.

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Optimum Energy Management System
BC547

• The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial Silicon
  Transistor.
• The BC547 transistor is a general-purpose
  transistor in small plastic packages.
• It is used in general-purpose switching and
  amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V, 100 mA NPN
  general-purpose transistors.
• Whenever base is high, then current starts
  flowing through base and emitter and after that
  only current will pass from collector to emitter

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Optimum Energy Management System
Circuit Diagram

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Optimum Energy Management System
Circuit Diagram Explanation

• There are two pair sensors, each kept at certain
  distance from the other. One pair of sensor
  consists of a transmitter and a receiver, kept
  exactly opposite to each other. The transmitting
  part emits modulated IR light which is received
  at the receiver end and fed to a microcontroller
  of 8051 family.
• When a person enters the room then
  microcontroller senses it (with the help of IR
  sensors) and increments the count and displays it
  on 7 segment displays and also switches ON the
  load. In the same way when a person exits the
  room, the count gets decremented. When the last
  person exits from the room, the lamp is switched
  OFF. The load operation is handled by a relay
  interfaced to the microcontroller.

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Optimum Energy Management System

• Advantages
• Managing and reducing energy consumption not only
  saves money but also helps in mitigating climate
  change and enhancing corporate reputation.
• Energy management is widely acknowledged as the
  best solution for direct and immediate reduction
  of energy consumption.

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Optimum Energy Management System

• Conclusion
• Optimum Energy Management System is designed to
  monitor the number of persons entering as well as
  exiting a room. Electrical loads are switched ON
  as the first person enters and switches OFF when
  the last person leaves. IR sensors used in
  combination with microcontroller to monitor all
  the operations. This helps in saving lot of
  energy.

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