Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

• Abstract
• The outline of the project is to shut down the
  power supply when it is overloaded.
• Electronic circuit breaker is based on the
  voltage drop across a series element typically a
  low value resistor or a CT(current Transformer).
• The unit is extremely fast and overcomes the
  drawback of the thermal type.

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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

• Introduction
• The project is designed to shut down the power
  supply when it is overloaded.
• Conventional circuit breaker like MCB based is on
  thermal bimetal lever trip mechanism.
• This project senses the current passing through a
  series element and the corresponding voltage drop
  is compared against the preset voltage
  proportional to the current by a level comparator
  to generate an output for the load to trip.

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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
(Continue)

• Electronic circuit breaker is based on the
  voltage drop across a series element proportional
  to the load current, typically a low value
  resistor.
• This voltage is sensed and rectified to DC which
  is and then compared with a preset voltage by a
  level comparator to generate an output that
  drives a relay through a MOSFET to trip the load.
  
• The unit is extremely fast and overcomes the
  drawback of the thermal type. It uses a
  microcontroller from 8051 family.

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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
Block Diagram

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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

• Circuit Explanation
• DC power supply-voltage VAC mains resigned to
  lower voltage step-down transformer and a bridge,
  that is, transforms into a pulsating direct
  current with the use of the bridge rectifier
  configuration. Is rectified DC voltage is
  filtered and is controlled by the regulator IC.
•  
• Current sensing resistor is connected to the Unit
  in the output circuit between the AC source and
  the Earth feels the current through the output
  circuit, a burdens.
• Management Unit of the comparator compares the
  input from the current sensing element with a
  reference voltage and, therefore, controls the
  relay switch, which in turn controls the power to
  the load.

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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

• Hard Ware Equipments
• POWER SUPPLY BLOCK
• MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52/AT89C51)
• RELAY
• LCD
• MOSFET

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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
Power Supply
Bridge rectifier
230 V AC 50 Hz
5v Regulator

5V DC
Filter(470µf)
12V step down transformer
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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
Micro Controller

• 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash
  Memory
• 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
• Crystal Frequency 11.0592MHZ
• Three-level Program Memory Lock
• 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
• 32 Programmable I/O Lines

AT89S52
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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
Relay

• It is a electro magnetic switch
• Used to control the electrical devices
• Copper core magnetic flux plays main role here

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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

• Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
• Most common LCDs connected to the
  microcontrollers are 16x2 and 20x2 displays.
• This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and
  20 characters per line by 2 lines, respectively.
• The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which
  refers to the controller chip which receives data
  from an external source (and communicates
  directly with the LCD.

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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
LCD

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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
IR LED

• An IR LED, also known as IR transmitter, is a
  special purpose LED that transmits infrared rays
  in the range of 760 nm wavelength.
• Such LEDs are usually made of gallium arsenide or
  aluminum gallium arsenide. They, along with IR
  receivers, are commonly used as sensors.
• The appearance is same as a common LED. Since the
  human eye cannot see the infrared radiations, it
  is not possible for a person to identify whether
  the IR LED is working or not, unlike a common
  LED.

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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

• MOSFET
• The metaloxidesemiconductor field-effect
  transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS FET) is a
  device used for amplifying or switching
  electronic signals.
• The basic principle of the device a voltage on
  the oxide-insulated gate electrode can induce a
  conducting channel between the two other contacts
  called source and drain.
• It is by far the most common transistor in both
  digital and analog circuits, though the bipolar
  junction transistor was at one time much more
  common.

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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

• Working
• 230v A.C power supply is given to transformer and
  its step-down voltage level to 12v A.C and then
  bridge rectifier converts 12v A.C to D.C.
• Than the capacitor is connected which will filter
  dc supply and gives pure dc without harmonic and
  distortion and then the voltage regulating ic7805
  is connected and regulated output will send to
  LED so the LED will glow when supply is enable.
• Now this supply is given to microcontroller 12
  to pin no 40 and ground to pin no 20, the 8051
  has on chip oscillator.

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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
(Continue)

• Pins XTAL1 and XTAL2 are provided for connecting
  a resonant network to form an oscillator.
• Crystal frequency ranges from 1MHz to 24 MHz, one
  crystal of 11.0592MHz and two capacitor is
  connected in this two pins 19 and 18 and its your
  clock circuit.
• The 8051 has an active high reset pin, a reset
  input must go high for two machine cycles when
  power is first applied and then goes low.

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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

• Software Requirements
• Keil Compiler
• Language Embedded C or Assembly.

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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

• Conclusion
•  
• Using this device ultra fast acting electronic
  circuit breaking can be achieved to save
  expensive equipment from possible damage.
• Using this unique concept a prototype can be
  developed as a projects work for electrical
  engineering students

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