Boko Haram

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NIGERIA AND ETHNIC ISSUES

• Hina zaidi
• National Defense University, Islamabad

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Background

• Nigeria experiences a mass of relatively minor
  conflicts.
• Strategic Conflict Assessment report, aimed to
  develop a understanding of the conflict
  in Nigeria and policy responses.
• Transition from dictatorship to democracy.
• Conflict in Nigeria may be conceptualized such as
  rivalry between different ethnic groups.

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Objectives of diff. ethnic groups

• There are some common objectives of different
  groups. They include
• The demand for ethnic and cultural autonomy,
• Competing demands for land, and money and
• Political space and dominancy.

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Study Case of boko-haram
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BOKO HARAM
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Warfare Tactics and Activities

•  Its violent attacks on government offices, the
  United Nations, and churches threaten to
  destabilize the country.
• Since August 2011 Boko Haram has planted bombs
  almost weekly in public or in churches in
  Nigeria's northeast.
• The group has also broadened its targets to
  include setting fire to schools.
• Boko Haram is not in the same global jihadist
  bracket as Algeria's al-Qaeda.
• Despite its successful attack on the UN compound
  in Abuja in August 2011, Boko Haram is not bent
  on attacking Western interests.

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Tactics Employed by Government to Counter this
Issue

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• It is difficult to see how there can be
  meaningful dialogue between the government and
  the group.
• Tactics employed by government security agencies
  against Boko Haram have been consistently brutal
  and counterproductive.
• Their reliance on extrajudicial execution as a
  tactic in dealing with any problem in Nigeria
  not only created Boko Haram as it is known today,
  but also sustains it and gives it fuel to expand.
• Nigerian National Security Adviser Sambo Dasuki
  announced a new strategy known as soft
  approach.

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Conclusions

•  Government policy.
• Nigeria is yet to address meaningful
  multi-ethnic education.
• Some of the useful tips for teaching multi-ethnic
  education effectively.
• (1) Teach the identified peculiar feature of
  the individual ethnic groups.
• (2) Teach their common experiences or
  commonalities.
•  (3) Highlight differences.
• It is hoped that if multi-ethnic education is
  properly address, countrys ethnic issues can be
  resolved.