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ASPECTS OF LIGHT TRANSMISSION AND DEPTH OF CURE

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Title: ASPECTS OF LIGHT TRANSMISSION AND DEPTH OF CURE


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Aspects of Light Transmission and Depth of Cure
of Novel Bioactive Glass-Filled Resin Composites
  • M. Dian1,2, J. K. H. Tsoi2, J.P. Matinlinna2
  • Faculty of Dentistry, Sultan Agung Islamic
    University, Semarang, Indonesia
  • Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry,
    The University of Hong Kong

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Introduction
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Resin Composites at a Glance
  • Resin composite was first introduced by R. L.
    Bowen in 1962
  • Three mains components of resin composite
    including
  • Resin matrix which comprising a monomer system,
    initiator, and inhibitor and stabilizer
  • Inorganic fillers, and
  • Coupling agent, usually an organo-silane, which
    bond reinforcing filler to resin matrix chemically

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Resin Composites at a Glance
  • Resin composite was first introduced by R. L.
    Bowen in 1962
  • Three mains components of resin composite
    including
  • Resin matrix which comprising a monomer system,
    initiator, and inhibitor and stabilizer
  • Inorganic fillers, and
  • Coupling agent, usually an organo-silane, which
    bond reinforcing filler to resin matrix
    chemically
  • Advances in resin composite
  • Increased demands of better restoration led to
    great development of resin composites
  • Patients and clinician need restoration with
    great esthetic and great physical properties
  • Different components deliver different properties
  • Many articles showed great development of resin
    composites

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Resin Composites at a Glance
  • Future Development of resin composite
  • Implementation of nano technology
  • Antimicrobial materials
  • Stimuli responsive materials
  • Self-repairing materials
  • Bioactive materials
  • Advances in resin composite
  • Increased demands of better restoration led to
    great development of resin composites
  • Patients and clinician need restoration with
    great esthetic and great physical properties
  • Different components deliver different properties
  • Many articles showed great development of resin
    composites

(this study focused here)
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Bioactive Glasses at a Glance
  • Originally developed by Prof Larry Hench in late
    1960s
  • It was aimed for bone implant material without
    any rejection responses from body
  • First successful in vivo trial was bioactive
    glass 45S5, later termed as Bioglass
  • The composition was 45 SiO2-24.5 Na2O-24.5
    CaO-6

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Bioactive Glasses at a Glance
  • Bioactive glass applications in dentistry
  • Substitutes in reconstructive surgery of voids
    and defect in facial bones
  • Regeneration of periodontal bone support
  • Graft material to prevent excessive bone loss
    after tooth extraction
  • Coating enhancing osteointegration for titanium
    implants
  • Treating tooth hypersensitivity
  • Bioactive glass-filled resin composites
  • Originally developed by Prof Larry Hench in late
    1960s
  • It was aimed for bone implant material without
    any rejection responses from body
  • First successful in vivo trial was bioactive
    glass 45S5, later termed as Bioglass
  • The composition was 45 SiO2-24.5 Na2O-24.5
    CaO-6

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Aims of Study
Investigating physical properties of novel
bioactive glass filled resin composites
  • Light penetration
  • Surface hardness
  • Depth of cure

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Materials
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Resin Matrix Composition
Component Manufacturer wt
UEDMA Esstech Inc, Essington, PA, USA 70.6
HPMA Esstech Inc, Essington, PA, USA 27.4
CQ Accu-Chem Industries Inc. Melrose Park, IL, USA 1.0
CEMA Accu-Chem Industries Inc. Melrose Park, IL, USA 1.0
(Zhang, Matinlinna et al. 2014)
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Filler Composition Comparison
Group Composition in mol Composition in mol Composition in mol Composition in mol Composition in mol Composition in mol Composition in mol Composition in mol
Group Na2O K2O MgO CaO SrO P2O5 SiO2 B2O3
SR-5 22.66 16.77 5 1.72 53.85
1-06 5.88 7.86 8.12 24.87 1.74 51.36 0.77
Vitryxx 24.5 24.5 6.0 45
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Resin Preparation
  • Resin composites contain 30wt matrix and 70wt
    filler
  • Mixed using magnetic stirrer (IKA Combimag RET)
    for 30 mins
  • Stabilized for 2 days
  • 3M Filtek Z250XT used as control group

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Methods
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Light Penetration Test
  • Resin composite put inside 1mm thickness mould
    covered with glass cover on both side
  • Cured using LED curing unit
  • A dental visible lightmeter (Pujing, China) were
    used to measure the light intensity pass through
    the resin composites (n6)
  • Light penetration observed at initial curing
    process, and after 5, 10, 15 and 20 seconds

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Depth of Cure
  • Specimens are made with 10mm diameters and 2mm
    depth mould, cured for 20 s at two different
    spots (n3)
  • Vickers Hardness indentations (200g weight load
    and 15s loading time) were done on curing side
    (CS) and bottom side (BS), 5 spots per surface
  • Depth of cure calculated by ratio of BS/CS (ISO
    4049)

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Statistical Analysis
  • One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc statistical
    tests
  • a was set to 0.05

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Results
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Light Penetration Test
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Light Penetration Test
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Light Penetration Test
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Light Penetration Test
  • All experimental resin composites have
    demonstrated an increasing trend of LT from
    initial to 20s.
  • In particular at 20s, one-way ANOVA revealed the
    average LT in all the groups are statistically
    significant different (p2.87x10-11), with SR-5
    (403 mW/cm2) gt 1-06 (365 mW/cm2) gt Vitryxx (312
    mW/cm2) gt control group (215 mW/cm2)

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SEM Images
SR-5
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SEM Images
SR-5
1-06
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SEM Images
Vitryxx
1-06
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SEM Images
Vitryxx
Control
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Depth of Cure
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Depth of Cure
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Depth of Cure
Despite the VHR measurement revealed experimental
resin composites groups have higher DC (1-06,
SR-5 and Vitryxx were approx. 91, 85 and 83)
than control group (79), they are not
statistically significantly different (p0.11).
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Microhardness Comparison
SR-5_CS
SR-5_BS
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Microhardness Comparison
SR-5_CS
1-06_CS
SR-5_BS
1-06_BS
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Microhardness Comparison
1-06_CS
1-06_BS
Vitryxx_CS
Vitryxx_BS
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Microhardness Comparison
Vitryxx_CS
Vitryxx_BS
Control_CS
Control_BS
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Conclusion
The experimental BAG-filled resin composites
used in this study have good optical properties.
They might have promising future after
investigating some other mechanical and
biological properties. The type of glass
fillers influences the light penetration and
depth of cure resin composites.
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Acknowledgements
  • The authors would like to thank Professor Leena
    Hupa (Åbo Akademi University, Finland) for
    allowing us to use her experimental bioactive
    glass and providing information about them.
  • The authors also would like to thank Esstech
    Inc., Essington, PA, USA for providing UEDMA and
    TEGDMA used in the experiment.
  • This work was accomplished as partial fulfillment
    of the degree of MSc(DMS) for Mr Muhammad Dian at
    the Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong
    Kong

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Reference
Zhang, M., Matinlinna. J.P., Botelho, M.,
Säilynoja, E., Comprehensive properties of a
novel fiber reinforced composite with a
UEDMA-based resin matrix. Odontology, 2014.
102(2) p. 176-183
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Thank you
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