Human Memory

1
Prince Sultan UniversityPSY101 - Group Project
2
Memory

• Human memory is a system that processes
  information in three steps. Encoding refers to
  the process of putting information into the
  memory system. Storage is the purely passive
  mechanism by which information is maintained in
  memory. Retrieval is the process by which
  information is accessed from memory through
  recall or recognition.

3
Lets test our memories

• You are now going to take a memory test.
• When the test begins you will be shown three
  pictures.
• Try your best to memorize the pictures.
• You will be divided into two groups.
• Group1 will see the pictures individually and
  have 60 seconds to memorize them.
• Group2 will see the pictures all at once and have
  3 minutes to memorize them.
• After the pictures disappear both groups will
  have 3 minutes to draw what they have memorized.
• Who has the best memory?

4
Memorize the pictures..
5
What is Memory?

• What is memory?
• Memory is the process of storing and retrieving
  information about the past.
• What would our lives be like without memory? How
  would we find our way home? Make a cup of coffee?
  Know our friends and family?
• Is there anything that we do not need our memory
  for?

6
Types of Memory
7
Implicit and Explicit Memory

• Implicit memory is memory for things not
  intentionally remembered. (without conscious
  thought)

• Explicit memory is when you intend to remember
  something (which requires conscious thought) e.g.
  you revise so that you can remember information
  in the exam.

• We may remember through implicit memory far more
  than we are consciously aware.

8
Procedural (Skills) Memory

• Procedural skills actions that do not require
  conscious thought (riding a bicycle?) you dont
  have to think about how you pedal or balance.
• Procedural memory is much more resistant to
  forgetting.
• Procedural includes implicit memory (that means
  you may remember something without intentionally
  learning it or intentionally remembering it e.g.
  you dont try to learn to text without looking at
  your fingers you learn by practice.)
• Give some examples of skills that you may have
  learned vi procedural memory?

9
Declarative Memory (Semantic Episodic Memory)

• Declarative are things you can declare facts,
  faces, names, events (what did you have for
  breakfast this morning?)
• There are two kinds of Declarative memory
• Episodic Memory memories of personal experiences
  or events (e.g. birthdays, what I had for
  breakfast)
• Semantic Memory learned memories knowledge not
  linked to time or events (e.g. what is good for
  me to have at breakfast, capital city of Saudi
  Arabia)
• Give some of your own examples of Episodic and
  Semantic Memory?

10
The three processes of memory

• What has to happen In order for a memory to be
  formed and remembered?
• Encoding Taking information/stimulus from
  environment and programming it into our brains.
  Stimulus is usually visual ( iconic ) , but it
  can be sound ( acoustic ) and smells etc. it can
  then be programmed or ' encoded' into our brains
  as iconic, acoustic or semantic encoding.
• Storage Storing information until it is required
  at a later time. The length of time the
  information is stored is the store's duration and
  how much information can be stored is its
  capacity.
• Retrieval Recalling by using 'cues' to remember
  items you have stored. People may do this
  differently.

11
Activity

• Who has the best attention?
• Watch the video clip carefully and count the
  number of items the white team catches the ball.
• http//youtu.be/Ahg6qcgoay4

12
Multi-Store Memory Model
If not attended to information is lost
Loss via displacement or decay if not rehearsed
13
Sensory Memory Store

• Temporary storage of information stimulus taken
  in..
• Visual encoding (iconic)
• Auditory encoding (acoustic)
• Probably others as well (smell chemical)

14
10 Things You Didn't Know About Human Memory
https//www.youtube.com/watch?vsI_ceF5-OiQ
15
Thank You!