9th Grade Health Test #8

1
Test 8

• Chapters 26-27

2
Personal Safety and Protection

• Chapter 25 Lesson 1
• pp. 726-730

3
Statistics

• 10 of teens found pictures of themselves posted
  online without their permission.
• 13 of teens learned that a cyber bully
  pretended to be them while communicating with
  someone else.

4
Safety Strategies

• The key to personal safety is learning how to
  recognize and avoid dangerous situations.
• Personal Safety the steps you take to prevent
  yourself from becoming the victims of a crime.

5
Tips When Leaving Your Home

• If you carry a cell phone, make sure it is easy
  to get to.
• Avoid walking alone at night.
• Carry your wallet or purse in a place that makes
  it difficult to grab.
• If you drive, park your car in a well lit area.
• Never hitchhike or give a ride to a stranger.
• Get on and off public transportation in well lit
  areas.
• Know the locations of nearby public places where
  you could get help if needed.
• Let your family know where you will be going and
  when you will be getting back. Call if there is
  a change of plans.

6
Learning to Protect Yourself

• Self Defense any strategy for protecting
  yourself from harm.
• Project a strong, confident image.
• Criminals are more likely to attack those who
  look vulnerable, confused, or inattentive.

7
Staying Safe Online

• Teens need to protect themselves online.
• Tips
• Keep your identity private.
• Dont respond to inappropriate messages.
• Let your parents or guardians know what you are
  doing online.

8
Coping with Cyberbullies

• Cyberbullying cruel or hurtful online contact.
• To avoid becoming a target of cyberbullying, be
  careful how you communicate online.
• When you use a Web site, learn and follow its
  rules for postings.
• Be careful how you word your messages.

9
Avoiding Internet Predators

• Internet predators use online contact to build up
  trust so they can lure victims into a
  face-to-face meeting.

10
Safety at Home and in Your Community

• Chapter 26 Lesson 2
• pp. 731-738

11
The Accident Chain

• Many accidental injuries are preventable.
• Unintentional Injuries injuries resulting from
  an unexpected event.
• Accident Chain a sequence of events that leads
  to unintentional injury.

12
Keeping Your Home Safe

• Safety precautions can prevent injuries at home.
• Look at Figure 26.4 on p. 732 as a class.

13
Preventing Fires

• Common causes of household fires include burning
  candles and incense, smoking, kitchen fires, and
  faulty electrical wiring.
• Prevention Tips
• Keep matches, lighters, and candles away from
  children.
• Make sure that smokers extinguish their
  cigarettes completely.
• Dont leave cooking food unattended.
• Follow the operating instructions for using a
  space heater.

14
2 Lifesaving Devices If A Fire Occurs

• Fire Extinguisher a portable device for putting
  out small fires.
• Keep an all-purpose fire extinguisher in your
  kitchen.
• Smoke Alarm a device that produces a loud
  warning noise in the presence of smoke.
• Having working smoke alarms in your home more
  than doubles your chances of surviving a house
  fire.

15
Staying Safe with Electricity

• Safety Tips
• Avoid overloading your electrical system.
• Inspect electrical cords regularly.
• Mae sure extension cords are properly rated for
  their intended use.
• Do not run electrical cords under rugs.
• Avoid using electrical appliances near water.
• Cover unused outlets, in homes with small
  children.

16
Preventing Falls

• Falls are responsible for about half of all
  accidental deaths in the home.
• Safety Precautions
• Stairs keep stairways well lit and free of
  clutter.
• Bathrooms put nonskid mats down on the floor.
• Windows install window guards if there are
  small children in the home.
• Kitchens keep the floor clean and wipe up any
  spills promptly.
• Living Areas keep the floor clear of clutter.

17
Preventing Poisonings

• Many common household items can be harmful or
  even fatal if swallowed.
• Safety Tips
• Store products safely.
• Pay attention to labels.

18
Using Computers Safely

• Using a computer for a long time can lead to eye
  strain and sore muscles.
• Tips
• Adjust your position from time to time.
• Stand up and walk around for a few minutes every
  hour.
• Sit in a neutral body position, a comfortable
  posture in which your joints are naturally
  aligned.
• Blink your eyes to moisten them and reduce eye
  strain.

19
Handling Firearms Safely

• Nearly half the households in the Unites States
  contain one or more guns. Guns accidents result
  in an estimated 650 deaths and 15,000 injuries
  per year.
• Children need to know that guns are dangerous and
  can kill people.
• Instruct them never to touch a gun and to leave
  the area and tell an adult if they find one.

20
Guarding Against Intruders

• To keep intruders out follow these guidelines
• Keep your doors and windows locked.
• Use a peephole to identify people who come to the
  door.
• Make sure your answering machine does not tell
  callers you are away from home.
• If you come home and see something suspicious,
  such as an unfamiliar car parked in your driveway
  or a window that has been forced open, dont go
  inside. Instead call the police from a
  neighbors house.

21
Keeping Your Community Safe

• You can work with others to protect your safety
  at school, at work, and in your community.
• Tips
• Increased police presence.
• Neighborhood Watch programs.
• After-school programs.
• Improved lighting in public areas.

22
Safety at School

• Violence in schools can include fights between
  students, bullying, gang activity, and the
  presence of weapons.
• Eliminating these problems takes a joint effort
  by school staff, students, and parents.
• Read p. 737 as a class.

23
Safety on the Job

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration
  (OSHA) is the agency within the federal
  government that is responsible for promoting safe
  and healthful conditions in the workplace.

24
Outdoor Safety

• Chapter 26 Lesson 3
• pp. 739-743

25
Outdoor Recreation

• Planning ahead can protect you from injury during
  outdoor activities such as camping, hiking, and
  winter sports.
• Tips
• Know your limits.
• Bring Supplies.
• Plan for the weather.
  Read p. 739 as a class!
• Wear apppropriate clothing.
• Tell people your plans.

26
Camping and Hiking

• Tips
• Camp with a group.
• Stick to well-marked trails.
• Be cautious around wildlife.
• Take care with fires.
• Respect the environment.

27
Winter Sports

• When you take part in cold-weather activities,
  wear warm, layered clothing to protect you from
  frostbite and hypothermia. To avoid sunburn you
  should also wear sunscreen.
• Tips for specific winter activities
• Sledding.
• Ice Skating.
• Skiing, snowboarding, and snowmobiling.
• Read p. 741 as a class.

28
Water Safety

• Following safety precautions can prevent drowning
  and other water related injuries.
• Every year nearly 3,000 people die from drowning
• Swimming and Diving the most important rule for
  safety in the water is to KNOW HOW TO SWIM!

29
Swimming and Diving

• Rules for safe swimming and diving
• Swim only in designated areas where a lifeguard
  is present.
• Dive only into water that you know is deep
  enough.
• When swimming always enter the water feet first.
• Avoid swimming near piers and reefs.
• If you get caught in a current, swim with the
  current until it releases you.
• Pay attention to the weather.
• Be prepared for emergencies.

30
Boating

• Every year more people die in boating accidents
  than in airplane crashes or train wrecks.
• Guidelines
• Make sure the person handling the boat is
  experienced.
• Always wear a personal flotation device (PFD).
• Plan ahead and check weather reports.
• Make sure someone on land knows where you are and
  when to expect you back.

31
Preventing Drowning

• Personal Flotation Device a life jacket
• Look at Figure 26.11 as a class on p. 743

32
Safety on The Road

• Chapter 26 Lesson 4
• pp. 744-749

33
Auto Safety

• Paying attention and following the rules of the
  road are the keys to safe driving.
• Vehicular Safety obeying the rules of the road
  and exercising common sense and good judgment
  while driving.
• The most important rule of driving safety is
  PAY ATTENTION

34
Auto Safety

• Thing you need to pay attention to when you are
  in the drivers seat
• Other Drivers
• Road Conditions
• Your Physical State
• Your Emotional State

35
Teen Drivers

• Young drivers may be more likely to get into an
  accident because they lack the experience and
  skills needed to drive safely.
• Graduated Licensing a system that gradually
  increases driving privileges over time.
• Learner
• Provisional
• Full Drivers License

36
Avoiding Road Rage

• Road Rage responding to a driving incident with
  violence.
• Examples of road rage include
• Honking, shouting, gesturing, or flashing lights.
• Chasing or tailgating another vehicle.
• Cutting off another car or forcing it off the
  road.
• Deliberately hitting or bumping another car.
• Threatening or physically attacking another
  driver.

37
Being a Responsible Driver

• Defensive Driving being aware of potential
  hazards in the road and taking action to avoid
  them.
• Look at Figure 26.13 as a class on p. 746.

38
Sharing the Road

• Everyone on the road shares a responsibility to
  follow traffic laws.
• Pedestrian Safety always use the sidewalks.
• Bicycle Safety on next slide.
• Skating Safety wear the proper equipment to
  protect yourself.
• Small Motor Vehicle Safety Read p. 748.

39
Bicycle Safety

• Tips for safe cycling
• Always wear a helmet that is safety-approved and
  fits properly.
• Signal turns about half a block before reaching
  the intersection.
• Ride single file and keep to far right side of
  the road.
• Do not tailgate motor vehicles or ride closely
  behind a moving vehicle.
• Look left, right, and left again before riding
  into the stream of traffic.
• Wear bright colors in the daytime and reflective
  clothing at night.

40
ATV Guidelines

• Only one person should ride on an ATV at a time.
• Avoid using attachments that will reduce the
  stability and braking of the ATV.
• Wear appropriate gear when riding an ATV.
• Avoid taking an ATV out on paved roads.
• Avoid ATV drivers who have been using alcohol or
  drugs.

41
Myths Reality

• Myth By not fastening the safety belt, a
  passenger has a good chance of surviving an
  accident by being thrown clear of the car.
• Fact By not wearing a safety belt, a passenger
  might be thrown from the car in an accident.
  That would normally not be helpful, though.
  There is a 25 percent greater chance of being
  killed in an accident if you are thrown from the
  car.

42
Providing First Aid

• Chapter 27 Lesson 1
• pp. 758-763

43
First Steps in an Emergency

• The three steps for responding to an emergency
  are check, call, and care.
• First Aid the immediate, temporary care given
  to an ill or injured person until professional
  medical care can be provided.

44
3 Cs

• Check the victim
• Call 911 or your local emergency number
• Care for the victim
• Good Samaritan Laws statutes that protect
  rescuers from being sued for giving emergency
  care.
• Read p. 759 as a class!

45
Universal Precautions

• Universal Precautions steps taken to prevent
  the spread of disease through blood and other
  body fluids when providing first aid or health
  care.
• Universal precautions include
• Wearing sterile gloves whenever you could come
  into contact with someones blood or body fluids.
• Washing hands immediately after providing first
  aid.
• Using a mouthpiece, if one is available, when
  providing rescue breathing.

46
First Aid for Bleeding

• The steps for treating bleeding depend on the
  type of injury and how severe it is.
• Types of Open Wounds
• Abrasions
• Lacerations Read p. 760 as a
  class!
• Punctures
• Avulsions

47
Controlling Bleeding

• Follow these steps to control the bleeding
• If possible raise the wounded body part above the
  level of the heart.
• Cover the wound with sterile gauze or a clean
  cloth.
• Press the palm of your hand firmly against the
  gauze.
• If blood soaks through the gauze, add another
  piece of gauze.
• Once the bleeding slows or stops, secure the pad
  firmly in place with a bandage.
• If you cant stop the wound after 5minutes, or if
  the wound starts bleeding again call for medical
  help. Continue to apply pressure to the wound
  until help arrives.

48
First Aid for Burns

• Treatment for burns depends on the severity of
  the burn.
• Burns caused by heat are the most common type.
• Types of Burns
• First Degree Burns
• Second Degree Burns
• Third Degree Burns
• Look at Figure 27.2 on p. 762 and read as a class.

49
Burn Treatment

• Cool the burned area by holding it under cold,
  running water for at least 5 minutes.
• Cover the burn loosely with a sterile gauze
  bandage.
• The victim may take an over the counter pain
  reliever.
• Minor burns usually heal without further
  treatment, though the skin may be discolored.
• Some second degree burns and all third degree
  burns require immediate medical attention and
  care.

50
Review

• What are the 3 Cs of emergency care?

51
CPR and First Aid for Shock and Choking

• Chapter 27 Lesson 2
• pp. 764-770

52
The Chain of Survival

• In a medical emergency, a victims life depends
  on a specific series of actions called the chain
  of survival.
• Chain of Survival a sequence of actions that
  maximize the victims chances of survival.

53
Links to the Chain of Survival

• A call to emergency medical services
• CPR
• Defibrillation
• Defibrillator a device that delivers an
  electric shock to the heart to restore its normal
  rhythm.
• Advanced Care

54
CPR

• CPR can save the life of a person whose heartbeat
  or breathing has stopped.
• Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation chest
  compressions to supply oxygen to the body until
  normal body function can resume.

55
CPR

• CPR for Adults
• Look at Figure 27.4 on p. 767 as a class.
• CPR for Infants and Children
• Read p. 766 as a class.

56
Other Emergencies

• Choking and shock are life-threatening medical
  emergencies that require immediate attention.
• First Aid for Choking
• Choking occurs when an object, such as a piece of
  food, becomes stuck in a persons windpipe,
  cutting off the flow of air.
• Help the person immediately by performing
  abdominal thrusts on the person who is choking.
• Look at Figure 27.6 on p. 769 as a class.

57
First Aid for Shock

• Shock a life-threating condition in which the
  heart is not delivering an adequate supply of
  blood to the body.
• Symptoms
• Cold, clammy skin, which may appear pale or
  grayish.
• Weak, rapid pulse and altered breathing.
• Dull, staring eyes, which may have dilated
  pupils.
• Faintness, weakness, confusion, or loss of
  consciousness.

58
Homework

• No homework today. Sit quietly at your seat
  working on homework or studying.

59
Responding to Other Common Emergencies

• Chapter 27 Lesson 3
• pp. 771-777

60
Muscle, Joint, and Bone Injuries

• Muscle and joint injuries can be minor or sever,
  but bone injuries are always medical emergencies.

61
Muscle and Joint Injuries

• Two common and fairly minor injuries are strains
  and sprains.
• Strain tear in a muscle.
• Sprain an injury to the ligaments around the
  joint.

62
P.R.I.C.E

• Protect
• Rest
• Ice
• Compress
• Elevate

63
Fractures and Dislocations

• Fracture a break in the bone.
• Dislocations a separation of bone from its
  normal position in a joint.
• Fractures and dislocations are emergencies that
  require immediate medical care.

64
Fracture and Dislocations

1. Call 911 or your local emergency medical service.
2. Do your bets to keep the victim still and calm.
3. If the skin is broken, rinse it carefully to
   prevent infection, taking care not to disturb the
   bone.
4. If necessary, apply a splint.
5. Apply an ice pack to reduce pain and swelling.
6. If the injury does not affect the head, neck,
   legs, or spine, have the victim lie down and
   raise his or her legs about 12 inches to prevent
   shock.

65
Unconsciousness

• A victim who loses consciousness for any amount
  of time requires medical care.
• Unconsciousness the condition of not being
  alert or aware of your surroundings.

66
Fainting

• Fainting is a temporary loss of consciousness
  that occurs when not enough blood is flowing to
  the brain.
• If you see someone faint, try to catch the person
  to stop him or her from falling.
• Lay the victim on the ground and elevate the
  legs.
• Loosen any tight clothing around the victims
  neck.

67
Concussion

• Concussion a jarring injury to the brain that
  can cause unconsciousness.
• If the victim is conscious, have him or her lie
  down.
• If the victim is unconscious, avoid moving him or
  her if there is reason to suspect a head or neck
  injury.

68
Other Common Emergencies

• Its important to learn first-aid procedures for
  emergencies such as animal bites, nosebleeds, and
  poisoning.
• Animal Bites can transmit serious diseases such
  as rabies.
• Nosebleeds can occur after an injury to the
  nose or very dry air causes the lining of the
  nose to become irritated.
• Poison (poisoning) any substance that causes
  injury, illness, or death when it enters the body.

69
Poisoning

• Poison Control Center a round-the-clock service
  that provides emergency medical advice on how to
  treat victims of poisoning.
• Call the National Poison Control Hotline.
• Be prepared to provide
• Your name, location, and telephone number.
• The victims condition, age, and weight.
• The name of the poison, when it was taken, and
  the amount of poison that was involved. If you
  do not have this information, tell as much as you
  know.

70
Snakebite

• Certain types of snakes can inject venom.
• Venom a poisonous secretion, into the victims
  body.
• Read p. 776 Snakebite as a class.
• Insect and Spider Bites or Stings
• The stings of insects such as bees, hornets, and
  wasps, as well as the bites of certain spiders,
  are painful but usually not dangerous.
• Poisonous Plants
• Most people are allergic to poison ivy, poison
  oak, and poison sumac. Exposer to these plants
  will cause itching, swelling, redness, and
  burning.

71
Myths and Reality

• Myth Apply a tourniquet on the limb between the
  heart and the bite to prevent the venom from
  flowing through the body.
• Fact The tourniquet can cut off blood flow to
  the limb, which can result in the loss of the
  limb.

72
Emergency Preparedness

• Chapter 27 Lesson 4
• pp. 778-783

73
Storm Safety

• It is important to pay attention to weather
  warnings and follow safety guidelines during a
  sever storm.
• Sever Thunderstorms typically produce heavy
  rain and are accompanied by lightning, strong
  winds, and sometimes hail or tornadoes.
• Hurricanes a powerful storm that generally
  forms in tropical areas, producing winds of at
  lest 74 miles per hour, heavy rains, and
  sometimes tornadoes.
• Tornadoes a whirling funnel-shaped windstorm
  that causes destruction as it advances along the
  ground in a narrow path.

74
Tornadoes

• Danger signs to look for
• Darkened or greenish looking skies.
• A hailstorm that produces large hailstones.
• A large, dark, low-lying cloud that may be
  rotating.
• A loud roar like that of a freight train.

75
Winter Storms

• Severe winter storms can block roads, knock down
  power lines, and cause floods.
• Blizzard a snowstorm with winds that reach 35
  miles an hour or more.
• Guidelines
• Stay indoors.
• Wear layers of clothing if you must go outside.
• Watch for signs of frostbite.

76
Natural Disasters

• Know what to expect during natural disasters.
• Flash Floods floods in which a dangerous volume
  of water builds up in a short time.
• Earthquakes a series of vibrations in the earth
  caused by a sudden movement of the earths crust.

77
Earthquake

• Precautions
• If you are indoors drop to the ground. Take
  cover under a sturdy table or desk and hold on
  until the shaking stops.
• If you are outdoors stay clear of buildings,
  trees, streetlights, and power lines.
• If you are in a car stop the car and stay inside.
  Avoid stopping near or under trees, buildings,
  freeway overpasses, and power lines.

78
Wildfires

• Wildfires are most likely to occur in especially
  dry regions.

79
Being Prepared for Emergencies

• Emergency Survival Kit a set of items you will
  need in an emergency situation.
• A 3 day supply of food or water.
• A battery powered radio or television.
• A change of clothing for each family member.
• Sleeping bags or bedrolls for each family member.
• First-aid supplies.
• Duct tape and plastic sheeting.
• Copies of important documents such as passports.
• Money