The civil war

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The Civil War

• By Emily Weber

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Who fought the war?

• The North and The South.

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Battles

• Fort Sumter
• Sewells point
• Aquia Creek
• Philippi
• Big Bethel
• Cole Camp
• Hokes Run
• Carthage
• Rich Mountain
• Blackburns Ford
• First battle of Bull Run
• Wilsons Creek
• Kesslers Cross Lanes
• Hatteras Inlet Batteries
• Dry wood creek
• Carnifex Ferry
• Cheat Mountain
• 1st battle of Lexington
• Liberty

• Barbourville
• Greenbrier River
• Santa Rosa Island
• Camp Wildcat
• Fredericktown
• Balls Bluff
• 1st battle of Springfield
• Belmont
• Ivy Mountain
• Round Mountain
• Chusto-Talasah
• Camp allegheny
• Rowletts Station
• Dranesville
• Chustenahlah
• Mount Zion Church
• Cockpit Point
• Hancock
• Middle Creek

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Battles cont

• Glorieta Pass
• Island Number Ten
• South Mills
• Forts Jackson and St. Philip
• Siege of Yorktown
• Eltham's Landing
• Shiloh
• Fort Pulaski
• Fort Macon
• Capture of New Orleans
• Williamsburg
• McDowell
• Drewrys Bluff
• Princeton Court House
• Front Royal
• First Battle of Winchester
• Hanover Court House
• Malvern Hill
• First Battle of Murfreesboro

• Siege of Corinth
• Seven Pines
• Tranters Creek
• Memphis
• First Battle of Chattanooga
• Cross Keys
• Port Republic
• James Island
• Saint Charles
• Simmons Bluff
• Oak Grove
• Beaver Dam Creek
• Garnetts Goldings Farm
• Savages Station
• Glendale
• White Oak Swamp
• Tampa
• Cotton Plant
• Baton Rouge

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Battles cont.

• Cedar Mountain
• Lone Jack
• Manassas Station
• Second Battle of Bull Run
• Chantilly
• Harpers Ferry
• Iuka
• Sherpherdstown
• Saint Johns bluff
• For more battles click on this link
• http//www.americancivilwarstory.com/list-of-civil
  -war-battles.html

• First Battle of Independence
• First Battle of Rappahannock Station
• Thoroughfare Gap
• Richmond
• South Mountain
• Munfordville
• Antietam
• First Battle of Sabine Pass
• First Battle of Newtonia

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Battle of Fort Sumter

• During the secession crisis that followed
  President Abraham Lincolns election in November
  1860, many threats were made to Federal troops
  occupying forts in the South. Anderson, in
  command at the difficult-to-defend Fort Moultrie
  on Sullivan Island across the harbor from
  Charleston, began asking the War Department for
  reinforcements and making plans to move his men
  to one of the fortifications on more secure
  islands in the harborCastle Pinckney closer to
  Charleston or the unfinished Fort Sumter near the
  harbors entrance.
• Following South Carolinas secession on December
  20, 1860, Governor Francis Pickens was pressured
  to do something about Anderson and his men since
  many believed that Anderson would not stay at
  Fort Moultrie but would take a better position at
  another of the harbors forts. On December 24,
  Pickens sent proxies to Washington to negotiate
  what would be done about the occupied forts and
  to ensure Anderson remained at Fort Moultrie.
  However, on December 26 Anderson put his plan
  into action he assembled his men, loaded them
  and their families onto boats, and rowed to Fort
  Sumter. What followed was basically a siege of
  Fort Sumter, with supplies and communication
  controlled by Pickens.

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Fort sumter cont

• On January 9, 1861, the Star of the West, a
  side-wheel merchant steamer that had been sent
  from New York with supplies and reinforcements
  for Anderson, was unable to reach Fort Sumter
  because Pickens had built up the harbor defenses
  and fired on it. Anderson, under orders to fire
  only in defense, could only watch as the ship was
  turned back.
• Shortly after, on January 11, Pickens demanded
  surrender and Anderson refused. By January 20,
  the food shortage had become acute enough that
  Pickens was under criticism from moderates and
  sent food to the fort, which was refused by
  Anderson. Shortly after, Pickens allowed the
  evacuation of 45 women and children to provide
  some measure of relief.
• On March 1, Brigadier General P. G. T. Beauregard
  arrived in Charleston. He had been appointed by
  Confederate president Jefferson Davis to take
  command of the military situation in Charleston.
  In the sort of twist of fate that would happen
  frequently during the war, Beauregard had been
  one of Andersons artillery students at West
  Point. Beauregard continued strengthening the
  harbor defenses and gun emplacements facing Fort
  Sumter.
• Following his inauguration on March 4, 1861,
  Lincoln sent unofficial emissaries to observe the
  situation and report back to him while official
  negotiations with the Confederate government took
  place in Washington. He learned that Anderson
  would probably be out of food by mid-April.
  Anderson had indicated he needed supplies and
  reinforcements in early March and again on April
  3, but did not received news or further
  instruction until April 8, when he received a
  letter from Washington informing him of that a
  relief expedition was being mounted. The Lincoln
  administration left the question of war up to the
  Confederates, which would be determined by
  whether or not they fired on the Federal supply
  ship and the fort, which the Federals did not
  intend to give up.

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Fort Sumter cont

• As news of the relief expedition percolated
  through the Confederate government, Beauregard
  was instructed to demand the forts surrender and
  fire on it if surrender was refused. Beauregard
  began moving men and artillery into place and on
  April 11 and sent envoys to Fort Sumter to demand
  surrender. Anderson, after polling his men, once
  again refused. Following the refusal, Beauregard
  was asked to assess how long it would be before
  Anderson would run out of food and be forced to
  surrender, so just after midnight on April 12,
  the envoys arrived back at the Fort. Hoping the
  relief expedition would arrive before then,
  Anderson said he would surrender at noon on April
  15. He was informed that was not soon enough,
  firing would began at 430 a.m.
• After a signal gun was fired, Virginia fire-eater
  Edmund Ruffin, who had campaigned relentlessly
  through the 1850s for states rights, slavery,
  and secession, was given the honor of firing the
  first shot at Fort Sumter. Anderson, to reduce
  his casualties and conserve ammunition, did not
  return fire until just before 700 a.m. when
  Captain Abner Doubleday fired the first return
  shot. Anderson also tried to reduce casualties by
  only using the guns from his lower casemates,
  where his men would be less exposed. Later in the
  morning, the barracks caught fire and many of his
  men had to be used as a fire crew. In the
  afternoon, they spotted the three ships flying
  the US flag just outside the harbor and thought
  they would be resupplied during the night, not
  realizing that the ships were actually on their
  way to Fort Pickens in Pensacola, Florida.

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Fort Sumter cont

• As night fell, Anderson stopped firing and the
  Confederates reduced their fire but resumed it
  the next morning. April 13, the barracks again
  caught fire and threatened the ammunition store,
  in spite of the rainy day. At about 1 p.m. the
  flagstaff was shot away and the flag was raised
  on the ramparts on a makeshift staff. On seeing
  the flag shot away, Louis Wigfallaide to
  Beauregard, fire-eater, and former U.S.
  senatorrowed out to Fort Sumter on his own
  initiative, without the knowledge or approval of
  Beauregard, amid the continuing barrage to see if
  Anderson was attempting to surrender. Although
  initially told that Anderson was not
  surrendering, Wigfall was able to negotiate a
  surrender. At 130 p.m., the flag was replaced
  with a white sheet. On seeing the flag of
  surrender, Beauregard ceased firing and sent his
  envoys to the fort, where they learned of
  Wigfalls unofficial mission. After further
  negotiation, the same terms were eventually
  agreed to surrender would occur April 14 at
  noon.
• The people of Charleston came out in boats on
  April 14 to watch the surrender and evacuation.
  As part of the surrender terms, Anderson had
  received permission to fire a 100-gun salute
  while lowering the American flag before
  departing. Halfway through, one of the guns
  discharged prematurely, killing Private Daniel
  Hough, who had emigrated to the U.S. from Ireland
  in 1849, and mortally wounding Private Edward
  Galloway. Reportedly, Hough was buried at the
  fort, but that has not been proven. The rest of
  the men were taken by boat to the relief ships
  just outside the harbor. On April 15, 1861,
  Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to suppress
  the Southern rebellion. The Civil War had begun.

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Bib

• http//www.americancivilwarstory.com/list-of-civil
  -war-battles.html
• http//www.historynet.com/battle-of-fort-sumter