Air Pollution

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NUZHAT SANA

• GROUP 5
• BYMARIA SYED

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EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON ENVIRONMENT
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1)ACIDIFICATION/ ACID RAIN

• Sometimes, when an air pollutant, such as
• sulphuric acid combine with the water droplet
• that make up the clouds, the water droplets
• become acidic, forming acid rain.

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EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN

• Acid rain can cause harm to vegetation and
  buildings.
• Acidify the lakes and streams.
• Change the chemistry of soil making it unfit.

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2) EUTOPHICATION

• Rain can carry and deposit the Nitrogen in some
  pollutants on rivers and lakes.
• This will adversely affect the nutrients in the
  soil and water bodies. This can result in algae
  growth in lakes and water bodies, and make
  conditions harmful for other aquatic organism.

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• The green colored alga that is present on lakes
  and ponds is due to this chemical only.

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EUTROPHICATION

• The nutrient enrichment of an aquatic ecosystem.
• Natural Eutrophication -- a process that occurs
  as a lake or river ages over a period of hundreds
  or thousands of years.
• Cultural Eutrophication -- a process that occurs
  when humans release excessive amounts of
  nutrients it shortens the rate of aging to
  decades.

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Natural Eutrophication

• .

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Cultural Eutrophication

• The addition of excess nutrients from a variety
  of sources results in the rapid aging of aquatic
  ecosystems.
• During this process the species composition of
  the aquatic community changes.

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Water Chemistry and Eutrophication

• Eutrophication brings about changes in water
  chemistry.
• These include
• pH
• Dissolved O2
• CO2
• Ammonia
• Nitrates/Nitrites
• Phosphates

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Water Chemistry and Eutrophication

• pH -- The pH of water reflects the CO2 contents
  as well
• as the presence of organic and inorganic acids.
  Values
• below 5 and above 9 are definitely harmful to
  fish and
• limit growth of algal and invertebrate
  populations.

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• Dissolved O2 -- The amount of dissolved oxygen in
  water varies with temperature and pressure high
  temperature or pressure, low oxygen. Most
  invertebrates die if oxygen levels fall below 4-5
  mg/l for extended periods of time. Game fish
  (bass, perch, trout, etc) require oxygen to be in
  the range of 8-15 mg/l.

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• CO2 -- Carbon dioxide is largely a product of
  aerobic and anaerobic decomposition of organic
  matter. It reacts with water to form carbonic
  acid. Normal concentrations are usually less than
  1 mg/l. Fish are affected at higher levels and
  continued exposure to 10mg/l or more is fatal to
  many species.

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• Phosphates -- Present in low quantities in
  natural waters less than 0.01 mg/l. Released
  during decomposition. High levels stimulate algal
  blooms.

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• Ammonia (NH3 or NH4) -- Ammonia is a product of
  decomposition of animal and plant protein. It is
  an important plant nutrient. Natural bodies of
  water contain gt 1 mg/l. Levels higher than this
  stimulate algal growth and are toxic to fish.

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• Nitrates/Nitrites -- These N containing compounds
  are formed during decomposition and are
  inter-converted by certain species of bacteria.
  Natural concentrations rarely exceed 10 mg/l and
  are often gt 1mg/l.

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Low Oxygen Levels Cause Die-off

• Rapidly growing bacterial populations need
  exponentially increasing amounts of oxygen.
• Once dissolved oxygen levels become too low, fish
  and many freshwater invertebrates die, thus
  adding more organic matter.

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Low Oxygen Levels Cause Die-off

• .

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Plants Die, Bacteria Grow, Deplete Oxygen, Fish
Die

1. Plants exhaust nutrients and die.
2. Bacteria thrive on organic decay of plants and
   lower dissolved oxygen.
3. Fish and invertebrates die when oxygen gets too
   low.

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3) GREEN HOUSE EFFECT

• In the result of air pollution number of green
• house gases increase rapidly.

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4)WHAT IS GLOBAL WARMING

• Global warming is an occurrence which results to
  the rise in average temperature of the earths
  atmosphere.
• Also called Green House Effect.

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EVIDENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGECOMES FROM MANY
DIFFERENT SOURCES
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5)EFFECT ON WILD LIFE

• Just like humans, animals also face some
  devastating effects of air pollution.
• Toxic chemicals present in the air can force
  wildlife species to move to new place and change
  their habitat.

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• The toxic pollutants deposit over the surface of
  the water and can also affect sea animals.

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6) DEPLETION OF OZONE LAYER

• Ozone exists in earths stratosphere and is
  responsible for protecting humans from harmful
  ultraviolet rays.

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• Earths ozone layer is depleting due to the
  presence of CFCs, HFCs in the atmosphere.
• As ozone layer will go thin, it will emit harmful
  rays back on earth and can cause skin and eye
  related problem.
• UV rays also have the capability to effect crops

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GOVERNEMENT (COMMUNITY) LEVAL PREVENTION.

• GOVERNMENT through out the world have already
  taken action against air pollution by
  introducing green energy.
• Some Governments are investing in wind energy and
  solar energy as well as other renewable energy to
  minimize burning of fossil fuels which cause
  heavy air pollution.

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• Governments are also forcing companies to be more
  responsible for their manufacturing activities,
  so that even though they still cause pollution,
  they are a lot controlled.

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HOW TO CONTROLE AIR POLLUTION?

• THE COAL FULE SHOULD BE REPLACED WITH GAS FULE TO
  CONTROL THE AIR POLLUTION.
• THE AUTOMOBILES MUST BE DESIGHNED WITH EMISSION
  CONTROL SYSTEM.

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• THE WASTE MUST BE REMOVED AND RECYCLED IN THE
  INDUSTREAL PLANTS AND REFINERIES.
• PLANTS LIKE PINE AND RIBES ARE NEED TO BE
  PLANTED TO METABOLIZE THE NITROGEN OXIDES AND
  OTHER POLLUTANTS.

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POLLUTION PREVENTION, MONITORING AND SOLUTION

• Solution efforts on pollution are always a big
• problem. This is why prevention interventions
• are always a better way of controlling air
• pollution.

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This was all about my
presentation
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