Lifecycle for Medical Students

1
LIFECYCLES

• IMEC INC.

2
APGAR SCORES

• Score 0-2 _at_ 1 and 5 minutes
• 0- 1- 2
• Appearance- (color) blue/pale, trunk pink, all
  pink
• Pulse- Heart rate (0, lt100, 100)
• Grimace none, grimace, grimace cough
• Activity limp, some activity, very active
• Respiration none, irregular, regular

3
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT

• Define at less than 2500 g
• Greater incidence of physical and future
  emotional difficulties
• Interuterine growth retardation
• Complication include
• INFECTION
• RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
• PERSISTENT FETAL CIRCULATION

4
INFANT DEPRIVATION EFFECTS

1. Decrease muscle tone
2. Poor language skills
3. Poor socialization skills
4. Lack of basic trust
5. Analictic depression (withdrawal)
6. Weight loss
7. Physical illness

5
ANACLITIC DEPRESSION

• Depression in an infant owing to continued
  separation from the caregiver
• Can result in a failure to thrive
• Infant becomes withdrawn and unresponsive

6
CHILD ABUSE

• Physical abuse
• Healed fractures on x-ray
• Cigarette burns
• Multiple bruises
• Retinal hemorrhag
• Physical abuse (usually female)
• Sexual abuse
• Genital/ anal trauma STDs, UTIs
• Known to victim (usually male)
• Peak incidence (9-12 years)

7
MILESTONES
8
INFANTS

• 3 month (Holds head up, social smile, moro
  disappears)
• 4-5 month (rolls front to back, sits when
  propped)
• 7-9 months (stranger anxiety, sits alone, orients
  to voice)
• 12-14 months (up-going babinski disappears)
• 15 month (walking, few words, separation anxiety)

9
TODDLERS

• 12-24 months ( object performance)
• 18-24 months (rapprochement)
• 24-36 months (parallel play)
• 24-48 months (core gender identity)

10
PRESCHOOL

• 30-36 months (toilet training)
• 3 years (group play, rides tricycle, copies lines
  and circles)
• 4 years ( cooperative play, simple drawings
  sticks figures

11
SCHOOL AGE

• 6-11 years developes conscience
• (super-ego), same-sex friends, identification
  with same sex parent

12
ADOLESCENCE

• ABTRACT REASONING
• (FORMAL OPERATIONS)
• Formation of personality
• 11 years (girls)
• 13 years (boys)

13
CHANGES IN THE ELDERLY

• Sexual changes- interest does not decrease
• Sleep patterns (decreased REM, decreased slow
  wave sleep, increase sleep latency, increased
  awakening throughout night)
• Common medical condition arthritis,
  hypertension, heart disease
• Psychiatric (DEPRESSION) becomes more prevelent
• Suicidal Rate increases

14
KUBLER-ROSS

• NOT ALWAYS IN THIS ORDER
• Denial
• Anger
• Bargaining
• Grieving
• Acceptance
• Death Arrives bringing grave adjustments

15
GREIF

• Normal bereavement characterized by shock,
  denial, guilt and somatic symptoms
• TYPICALLY LAST 6 MONTHS
• Pathological grief with is intensely prolonged
  and sometimes imprinted

16
NEURO-TRANSMITTER CHANGES WITH DISEASE

• Anxiety-(increased NE, decreased GABA, decreased
  Serotonin)
• Depression- (decreased NE, and serotonin)
• Alzheimers-(decreased Ach)
• Huntingtons- (decreased GABA, decrease Ach)
• Schizophrenia-(increased dopamine)
• Parkinsons-(decreased dopamine)

17
FRONTAL LOBE FUNCTION
18
SLEEP STAGES

• Awake
• Light sleep (5)
• Deep sleep (70)
• REM (25 )
• Serotonin of RAPHE NUCLEUS is key
• Nor-epinephrine reduces REM
• Benzodaizapines shorten phase

19
SLEEP APNEA

• Obstructive
• Involves the airway
• Central
• Involves the central nervous system

20
NARCOLEPSY

• Person falling asleep suddenly, may be associated
  with OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA

21
STRESS EFFECTS

• Stress induce production
• 17-OH cortiticodtoids
• Lipids
• Catacholemines
• H2O RE-ABSORPTION ORIENTATION