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POL 201 ACADEMIC PROFESSOR/TUTORIALRANK
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POL 201 ACADEMIC PROFESSOR/TUTORIALRANK
ASHFORD POL 201 Week 1 DQ 1 Separation of Powers
Checks and Balances
ASHFORD POL 201 Entire Course
ASHFORD POL 201 Week 1 DQ 1 Separation of Powers
Checks and Balances ASHFORD POL 201 Week 1 DQ 2
Amending the U.S. Constitution ASHFORD POL 201
Week 2 DQ 1 Policy-making in the Federal
System ASHFORD POL 201 Week 2 DQ 2 Meet Your
Rep ASHFORD POL 201 Week 2 Short Essay -
Policy-making in the Federal System ASHFORD POL
201 Week 3 DQ 1 Presidential Leadership and the
Electoral College ASHFORD POL 201 Week 3 DQ 2
Defence Spending and the Military-Industrial
Complex
Separation of Powers/Checks and Balances. For
much of 2011 and 2012, public dissatisfaction
with Congress rose to all time highs, with 70-80
expressing disapproval with how Congress does its
job. Many commentators note that Americans are
fed up with Washington "grid-lock" that makes
government apparently unable to address important
problems. Other observers believe that the
national government is acting according to its
design, based on separation of powers and checks
and balances.
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POL 201 ACADEMIC PROFESSOR/TUTORIALRANK
ASHFORD POL 201 Week 2 DQ 1 Policy-making in the
Federal System
ASHFORD POL 201 Week 1 DQ 2 Amending the U.S.
Constitution
  Policy-making in the Federal System. The U.S.
government's expansive role in public policy is
caught in a swirl of conflicting cross-currents.
On the one hand, popular expectations about
government's responsibility to solve problems
often exceed the capacity of state and local
authorities to respond effectively. On the other
hand, policies developed at the national level
may not sufficiently reflect the great diversity
of interests across the U.S. to be effective at
the local level. Moreover, the search for
effective policy is further complicated by
theoretical debates about the constitutional
framework of federalism, e.g., what limits on
national power can be derived from the Tenth
Amendment?
Amending the U.S. Constitution. The formal
process of amending the Constitution is
cumbersome and slow. While this fact explains why
relatively few amendments have been adopted, it
does not discourage advocates of constitutional
change from proposing them. Four amendment
proposals that have gained considerable attention
are the Balanced Budget Amendment, the Birthright
Citizenship Amendment, the Equal Rights
Amendment, and the Overturn Citizens United
Amendment.
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POL 201 ACADEMIC PROFESSOR/TUTORIALRANK
ASHFORD POL 201 Week 2 Short Essay -
Policy-making in the Federal System
ASHFORD POL 201 Week 2 DQ 2 Meet Your Rep
Short Essay Policy-making in the Federal
System. The U.S. government's expansive role in
public policy is caught in a swirl of conflicting
cross-currents. On the one hand, popular
expectations about government's responsibility to
solve problems often exceed the capacity of state
and local authorities to respond effectively. On
the other hand, policies developed at the
national level may not sufficiently reflect the
great diversity of interests across the U.S. to
be effective at the local level. Moreover, the
search for effective policy is further
complicated by theoretical debates about the
constitutional framework of federalism, e.g.,
what limits on national power can be derived from
the 10th Amendment?
  Meet Your Rep. The Constitution states, "The
House of Representatives shall be composed of
Members chosen every second Year by the People of
the several States..." (Art. I, Sec. 2). Contrast
this with the original constitutional language
for the other house of Congress, "The Senate of
the United States shall be composed of two
Senators from each State, chosen by the
Legislature thereof for six Years..." (Art. I,
Sec. 3). The phrase "chosen by the Legislature"
was changed to "elected by the people" by the
17th Amendment, but not until 1912. In other
words, from the beginning the House of
Representatives was intended to be exactly what
its name suggests representative of the
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POL 201 ACADEMIC PROFESSOR/TUTORIALRANK
ASHFORD POL 201 Week 3 DQ 2 Defence Spending and
the Military-Industrial Complex
ASHFORD POL 201 Week 3 DQ 1 Presidential
Leadership and the Electoral College
  Defense Spending and the Military-Industrial
Complex. Levin-Waldman (2012, pp. 186-89)
analyzes how "iron triangles" link Congress, the
bureaucracy, and interest groups in self-serving
relationships that influence policy in ways that
are contrary to the public interest. In 1961, at
the end of President Eisenhower's second term, he
gave a farewell address to the nation in which he
warned of the dangers of a "military-industrial
complex." Many commentators today see the
military-industrial complex as an example of an
iron triangle that bloats the defense budget and
distorts national priorities. Not everyone would
accept this analysis, however, especially defense
"hawks" in Congress, the military bureaucracies,
and defense industries.
Presidential Leadership and the Electoral
College. Americans expect their presidents to get
things done, to solve problems, to govern
effectively, and to be strong leaders. The
framers of the Constitution did not envision such
presidential leadership. A scholar of the
presidency points out that Article II of the
Constitution gives the president scant formal
power to influence congressional policy-making
(Simon, n.d.). He also notes that the framers
intentionally designed a process for selecting
presidents that would minimize their political
power the Electoral College. They hoped this
institution would insulate the chief executive
from the public because they feared the power of
presidents who might be elected by the people.
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POL 201 ACADEMIC PROFESSOR/TUTORIALRANK
ASHFORD POL 201 Week 4 DQ 2 Habeas Corpus and the
War on Terror
ASHFORD POL 201 Week 4 DQ 1 The Supreme Court and
Judicial Review
Habeas Corpus and the War on Terror. Soon after
the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, the
Bush administration developed a plan for holding
and interrogating prisoners captured during the
conflict. They were sent to a prison inside a
U.S. naval base at Guantanamo Bay on land leased
from the government of Cuba. Since 2002, over 700
men have been detained at "GITMO." Most have been
released without charges or turned over to other
governments. In 2011, Congress specifically
prohibited the expenditure of funds to transfer
GITMO prisoners to detention facilities in the
continental United States, making it virtually
impossible to try them in civilian courts. As of
April 2012, 169 remained in detention at GITMO
(Sutton, 2012).
  The Supreme Court and Judicial Review. In a
recent lecture at Yale University, Supreme Court
Justice Stephen Breyer cautioned that while most
citizens assume that judicial review is an
enduring part of American government, judges
should not take it for granted. He advises that
if judges wish to preserve this undemocratic
power they should follow a judicial philosophy
that will "build confidence in the courts"
(Breyer, 2011). Justice Breyer goes on to
describe the kind of judicial philosophy he has
in mind. However, some of his colleagues on the
Supreme Court would reject his ideas about what
philosophy should guide judges.
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POL 201 ACADEMIC PROFESSOR/TUTORIALRANK
ASHFORD POL 201 Week 5 DQ 2 Voting and Turnout
ASHFORD POL 201 Week 5 DQ 1 Party Platforms and
Winning Elections
  Voting and Turnout. The U.S. has one of the
lowest voter turnout rates among modern
democratic political systems. One study ranks the
U.S. 120th on a list of 169 nations compared on
voter turnout (Pintor, Gratschew, Sullivan,
2002). While during the last decade many
initiatives have been undertaken to increase
voter participation, concerns about the
possibility of election fraud have also
increased. Additionally, some political interests
feel threatened by the increase in turnout among
some traditionally low-turnout ethnic minorities.
Party Platforms and Winning Elections. Political
parties mobilize voters to win elections and
implement policy goals. Parties use their stated
policy goals (i.e., their platforms) as a way to
mobilize voter support. Generally, in order to be
successful in a two-party system, parties must
have policy goals across a broad range of issue
areas to appeal to a broad range of voters. For
this discussion, you will identify one issue area
that you want investigate. Use the resources
required for this discussion to gather
information about the goals and proposals, in
that issue area, of three political parties the
Democratic and Republican parties and a third
party.
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POL 201 ACADEMIC PROFESSOR/TUTORIALRANK
ASHFORD POL 201 Week 5 Final Paper Civil
Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror
  The final assignment for this course is a Final
Paper. The purpose of the Final Paper is to give
you an opportunity to apply much of what you have
learned about American national government to an
examination of civil liberties in the context of
the war on terror. The Final Paper represents 20
of the overall course grade. Soon after the U.S.
invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, the Bush
administration developed a plan for holding and
interrogating captured prisoners.
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POL 201 ACADEMIC PROFESSOR/TUTORIALRANK
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