Difference Between Microprocessors and Microcontrollers

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Know Difference Between Microprocessors and
Microcontrollers
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What is Microprocessor?
Introduction
A microprocessor is an electronic computer
component crafted from miniature sized
transistors some other circuitry elements on a
solitary semi-conductor IC (integrated circuit)
or micro chip. The abbreviated of microprocessor
is µP or uP. The CPU (central processing unit)
is the most renowned micro-processor, but
numerous other constituents in a computer contain
them, like- the GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) on
a video card. Microprocessor is a single IC
package in which several functions are
integrated.
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Types of Microprocessors

• There are mainly five sorts of microprocessors
  these minute units provide computers with a
  brain.
• In a micro-processor, there will be a number of
  minute transistors and tremendously tiny parts.
• All of these components are employed to assist a
  computer work as planned.

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5 Types of Microcontroller

• Complex Instruction Set Microprocessors
• Reduced Instruction Set Microprocessors
• Superscalar processors
• The Application Specific Integrated Circuit
• Digital Signal Multiprocessors (DSPs)

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Complex Instruction Set Microprocessors

• This type of microprocessor is also known as
  CISM.
• CISM classify a micro-processor in which each
  every order can be executed together with several
  other low-level functions.
• These Functions are intended to carry out actions
  such as.
• Uploading data into memory card, re-calling or
  downloading data from memory card or a complex
  mathematics computation in a single command.

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Reduced Instruction Set Microprocessors

• Known as RISC, this was intended to pace up
  computer microprocessors.
• These chips are built up under the guideline.
• The microprocessor to do a smaller amount of
  things within each command.
• This will permit it to complete more commands
  more rapidly.

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Superscalar processors

• This type of processor replica the hardware on
  the micro-processor.
• It can perform numerous instructions at the same
  time.
• These replica resources can be committed
  arithmetic logic units or multipliers.
• Superscalars comprise of several operational
  units.
• Superscalar micro-processors carry out more than
  one command throughout a single clock cycle
• It concurrently transmitting numerous
  instructions to superfluous operational units in
  the processor.

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The Application Specific Integrated Circuit

• Known as ASIC microprocessor is intended for
  extremely precise purposes.
• It comprise- automotive emissions control or
  Personal Digital Assistants computers.
• ASICs at times is produced to specification.

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Digital Signal Multiprocessors (DSPs)

• DSPs are unique micro-processors employed to
  decode encode video.
• It convert digital or video to analog and
  vice-versa.
• These operations need a micro-processor to
  carrying out mathematical calculations.
• DSP chips are generally employed in SONAR, mobile
  telephones, RADAR.
• DSP chips are used in home theatre audio gears
  and cable set-top boxes.

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What is Microcontroller?

• Microcontroller is a computer on-a-chip optimized
  to manage electric gadgets. It is intended
  particularly for precise tasks like controlling a
  particular system.
• A microcontroller sometimes uses abbreviated uC,
  µC, or MCU, is fundamentally a specialized
  variety of microprocessor that is intended to be
  self-satisfactory and lucrative. Some external
  electronic peripherals are interfaced to
  microcontroller for a better performance depends
  on applications.

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Illustrations of Microcontrollers

• Microcontrollers are the 8051, Intels 80196,
  Microchips PIC and Motorolas 68HCxx series.
• Microcontrollers which are normally incorporated
  in toys, automobiles and appliances.
• Microprocessor system on a solo microchip

• Memory (both ROM and RAM)
• The CPU core (microprocessor)
• Some parallel digital I/O

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Function of Microcontroller

• The microcontroller witnesses the incorporation
  of a number of helpful functions into a solitary
  IC pack. These functions are-

• The capability to carry out an accumulated set of
  commands to perform user described jobs.
• The capability to be proficient to use peripheral
  memory chips to both read write data from and
  to the memory.

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Types Of Microcontrollers

• The micro-controllers are sorted in terms of
  in-house bus width, in-built micro-controller,
  order set, memory structural design, IC chip or
  VLSI core or Verilog file family unit.
• For the similar family, there may be a range of
  editions with different sources. Here we are
  giving few types of microcontroller used in
  different applications.

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5 Types of Microcontrollers

• 8-bit microcontroller.
• 6-bit microcontroller.
• 32-bit microcontroller.
• Embedded microcontroller.
• External memory micro-controller.

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8-bit Microcontroller

• When in-house bus in a MCU is 8-bit bus.
• Then the ALU carries out the logic arithmetic
  operations on a byte at an order.
• The MCU is 8-bit micro-controller.
• The illustrations of 8-bit MCU are- Intel
  8031/8051, Motorola MC68HC11 PIC1x families.

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16-bit Microcontroller

• The 16 bit Microcontroller consists of a 16 bit
  bus.
• The ALU performs arithmetic and logic operations
  on the 16 bit operand.
• It provides greater precision and performance as
  compared to 8 bit MCU.

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32-bit Microcontroller

• When in-house bus for the data transmitting
  function in an MCU is 32-bit bus.
• Then the ALU carries out logic arithmetic
  functions on operand words of 32 bits at the
  orders.
• The MCU is 32-bit micro-controller.
• These supply better accuracy and performance in
  comparison to the 16-bit MCUs.

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Embedded Microcontroller

• When a fixed or embedded system includes an MCU.
• Each hardware and software parts in a solo unit.
• The MCU is known as embedded micro-controller.
• Extremely few or no extra peripheral unit or
  system exists for processing during the control
  or making use of the peripheral devices.
• A telephone receiver circuit employs an in-built
  or embedded micro-controller.

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External Memory Microcontroller

• When an in-built or embedded system adds an MCU.
• Each of the hardware and software parts present
  not as a solo component.
• It has all or a piece of the memory component
  externally interfaced by bringing into play an
  interfacing circuit.
• Which is known as the glue circuit.
• The MCU is known as a peripheral or external
  memory micro-controller.
• Example A 8031 comprise of a program memory
  which is interfaced outwardly to it. The 8051 has
  both in-house as well as peripheral program
  memory.

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Difference Between Microprocessors and
Microcontrollers

• The dissimilarity amid the two is that a
  microcontroller integrates the features of a
  microprocessor (ALU, CPU, Registers) together
  with the existence of extra characteristics such
  as existence of ROM, RAM, counter, Input/output
  ports, etc. Here a microcontroller controls the
  function of a device by employing fixed programs
  accumulated in ROM that does no amend with
  duration.

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Difference Between Microprocessors and
Microcontrollers

• The major dissimilarity amid a usual
  microprocessors and microcontrollers parting.
• There architectural terms is the area of their
  application.
• Usual microprocessors such as the Pentium family
  or Intel Core family processors or alike
  processors are in computers as a universally
  functioning programmable machine.
• In its life span it has to manage numerous
  different assignments and programs specified to
  it.

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Difference Between Microprocessors and
Microcontrollers

• A microcontroller of PIC family or 8051 family or
  any other have noticed their applications in tiny
  embedded systems.
• Such as- control system of traffic signals or
  some sort of robotic system.
• These gadgets manage similar task or similar
  program all through their entire life cycle.
• Another difference is that the microcontroller
  generally has to handle instantaneous tasks
• On the contrary the micro-processors in a
  computer system perhaps will not handle an
  instantaneous task at all times.

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