Learn More About Periodic Table

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Learn More About Periodic table
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What is Periodic table?
Periodic Table is a tabular arrangement of
elements, ordered by their atomic number,
electron configuration and recurring chemical
properties. In periodic table, the arrangement
of elements are arranged from left to right and
top to bottom in order of increasing atomic
number. The different rows of elements present
in periodic table are known as periods.
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Groups and Blocks Group 1
Group 1 includes all the Alkali Metals and
Hydrogen. Alkali metals are soft metals, but
highly reactive metals and reactivity of these
metals increases down the group. In this group,
Hydrogen behaves different from all other metals.
Scientists disagree over whether it should be
placed in group 1 or group 17.
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Group 2
Group 2 includes all Alkali Earth Metals. The
metals present in group 2 are reactive metals
with different flame colors. In this group
elements have two electrons in their outermost
S sub-shell.
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Group 3
Group 3 is a family of transition metal elements.
In this group each have a valence electron
configuration of d1s2. These elements are found
in the 3 oxidation state. Scientists are
confused whether lanthanum and actinium, should
be included in this group.
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Group 4
This group is a group of transition metal
elements and they have high melting points. In
this group, metals have a valence electron
configuration of d2s2.
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Group 5
This group is a group of reactive transition
metal elements and they have high melting
points. In this group, metals have a valence
electron configuration of d3s2.
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Group 6
It is a group of transition metal elements.
According to Aufbau principle in this group
each have a valence electron configuration of
d4s2. But, chromium and molybdenum are exceptions
to this rule and have a valence electron
configuration of d5s1.
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Group 7
This group consists transition metal elements,
manganese, technetium, rhenium and bohrium. In
this group, metals have a valence electron
configuration of d5s2 .
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Group 8
This group is a group of shiny, silvery
transition metal elements, iron, ruthenium,
osmium and hassium. In this group, metals have a
valence electron configuration of d6s2 .
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Group 9
This group is a group of silvery-white transition
metal elements, having high melting points. This
group contains cobalt, rhodium, iridium and
meitnerium. In this group, metals have a
valence electron configuration of d7s2 .
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Group 10
It is a group of white to light grey transition
metal elements. This group contains nickel,
palladium, platinum and darmstadtium. According
to Aufbau principle, each have a valence electron
configuration of d8s2
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Group 11
It is a group of transition metals and it
includes copper, silver and gold. Sometimes they
are called the 'coinage metals'. In this group,
metals have a valence electron configuration of
d10s1 .
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Group 12
It is a group of metals and have a full d
sub-shell. In this group elements have low
melting points and mercury is only the metal that
remains liquid at room temperature.
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Group 13
This group is the boron group. In this group
all elements are metals except the boron, Boron
is a metalloid. Aluminium and Boron have three
electrons in their outer electron shell.
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Group 14
This group is known carbon group. In this group
there are combination of non-metals, metal and
metalloids. Group 14- Carbon and silicon each
have four electrons in their outer electron shell.
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Group 15
This group is known as the nitrogen group or
pnictogens group. This group contains a
combination of non-metals, metalloids and metals.
Nitrogen and phosphorus contains five electrons
in their outer electron shell.
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Group 16
It is called the chalcogens or oxygen family.
This group contains a combination of
non-metals, metalloids and metals. Group 16-
Oxygen and sulfur have six electrons in their
outer electron shell.
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Group 17
This group is known as the halogens. This group
contains highly reactive non-metals. This group
contains the elements, which are three states of
matter at room temperature and pressure. Bromine
is a liquid, Fluorine and chlorine are gases and
iodine is a solid.
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Group 18
This group elements are commonly known as the
noble gases and they are typically unreactive.
They are also known as the inert gases In this
group, reactivity increases down the group. Radon
being the most reactive in this group. In this
group noble gases each have a full outer electron
shell.
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Blocks In Periodic table
A block in the periodic table of elements is the
set of adjacent groups. Each block is named
after its characteristics orbital. There are four
blocks in a periodic table. s-block, p-block,
d-block and f-block. The periodic nature of the
filling of orbitals, as well as emergence of
the s, p, d and f blocks is more obvious.
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Block S
The block s includes the alkali metals and
alkaline earth metals. These metals are soft
and reactive in nature. It also contains hydrogen
and helium which are metals and gases. In this
block elements have their valence electrons in s
orbitals.
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Block p
This block contain elements with quite varied
properties. This block contains metalloids,
metals and non-metals. P sub shell can hold
maximum of six electrons in three orbitals.
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Block d
Block d is also commonly called as the transition
metals.
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Block f
Block f contains lanthanides and actinides.
These metals are soft and also contains
radioactive Metals in f block. In this block
sub-shell can contain up to 14 electrons.
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G-1
G-2
G-13
Metals
G-14
G-3
G-4
G-5
G-6
G-7
G-8
G-9
G-10
G-11
G-12
G-15
G-17
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Non-Metals
G-18
G-17
G-16
G-15
G-14
G-13
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Periods
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
Period 5
Period 6
Period 7
Period 6
Period 7