Disc Replacement surgery

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Disc Replacement
Deepam Meditours (Medical Tourism Company)
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What is disc?

• The disc is the soft cushioning structure located
  between the individual bones of the spine, called
  vertebra.
• It is made of cartilage-like tissue and consists
  of an outer portion, called the annulus, and an
  inner portion, called the nucleus.
• In most cases, the disc is flexible enough to
  allow the spine to bend.

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What is Herniated Disc?

• It is known as slipped disc, bulging disc.
• Caused by wear and tear of the disc
• May result from trauma or injury to the spine.
• It can occur in any part of the spine.
• Most common in the neck (cervical)
• and lower back (lumbar) spine.

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Stages of Herniated Disc?

• Disc Degeneration With age the intervertebral
  discs weaken due to chemical changes. The aging
  process can cause the disc to dry out, making it
  less able to absorb the shock from movements.
  Disc can also become thinner in this stage.
• Prolapse The position of the disc changes with
  some slight impingement into the spinal canal or
  spinal nerves. This stage is also called a
  bulging disc or protruding disc.

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• Extrusion The gel-like nucleus pulposus (inner
  part of the intervertebral disc) breaks through
  the tire-like wall (annulus fibrosus) but remains
  within the disc.
• Sequestration or Sequestered Disc The nucleus
  pulposus breaks through the annulus fibrosus and
  can move outside the interverterbral disc and
  into the spinal canal.

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Disc Replacement

• An artificial disc is implanted into the spine to
  imitate the functions of a normal disc.
• Total Disc Replacement - all or most of the disc
  tissue is removed and replaced.
• Disc Nucleus Replacement - only the center of the
  disc is removed and replaced with an implant.

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Criteria for Disc replacement

• Numbness or tingling in the shoulder or arm.
• Pain that radiates down the arm to the hand or
  fingers.
• Impair ability to lift or hold items.
• Intense pain in the buttocks, thigh, calf,
  shoulder and arm
• Difficulty in standing or walking.

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Diagnosis for Disc Replacement

• Electromyography (EMG) To determine the exact
  nerve root that is involved.
• Myelogram To determine the size and location of
  disk herniation.
• Physical Examination
• CT scan, MRI
• Spine X-Rays

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How to Treat Disc Replacement

• Non Surgical Procedure
• Physiotherapy Exercise - includes ice and heat
  therapy, gentle massage, stretching and neck
  traction.
• Cervical traction
• Bracing

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• Surgical Procedure
• Anterior cervical discectomy and spine fusion
  This involves partial disc removal to relieve
  nerve pressure.
• Laminectomy The broken pieces or the entire disc
  is removed and replaced with prosthetic
  components.
• It is performed on the cervical, thoracic or
  lumbar portion of the spine.

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