engineering education in india

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Engineeringeducation in India
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outline

• Introduction to engineering
• Education in ancient india
• Education in the Medieval Period
• Modern education in india
• Major challenges and remedies
• Conclusion

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Introduction to engineering

• What is an engineering?
• The combination of art and science by which the
  materials and power of nature are made useful to
  mankind.
• 2. Who is an engineer?
• A person specifically trained and experienced in
  planning and developing the structures and
  devices, and in supervising the processes for the
  benefit of mankind.

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Engineering branches

• Basic
• Civil, Mechanical Electrical
• Sectoral
• Electronics
• Chemical
• Materials
• Computer
• Mining

• Modern
• Marine/Naval
• Bio-Chemical
• Bio-Medical
• Latest
• Information Technology
• Bio Tech
• Medical / Pharmaceutical

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Education in Ancient India

• Education in ancient India began around the
  3rd century B.C with elements of religious
  training and impart of traditional knowledge.
• Sages and scholars imparted education orally
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• Palm leaves and barks of trees were used for
  writing.

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Gurukula System

• Education in ancient india was more identified
  with the Gurukula system .
• These ancient schools in India were residential
  in nature with the sishyas or students living in
  the same house with the Guru or the teacher .
• The students lived together irrespective of their
  social standing .

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Subjects Taught

• Vedic education included proper pronunciation
  and recitation of the Veda, the rules of
  sacrifice, grammar, understanding the secrets of
  nature, reasoning including logic, the sciences,
  and the skills necessary for an occupation.
• There is mention in the Veda of herbal medicines
  for various conditions or diseases, including
  fever, cough, baldness, snake bite and others.

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• Ethics and values
• Two epic poems formed part of ancient Indian
  education. The Mahabharata, discusses human
  goals. Attempting to explain the relationship of
  the individual to society and the world .
• The other epic poem, Ramayana, explores themes of
  human existence and the concept of dharma.

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Gurudakshina

• Education was free, but students from well-to-do
  families paid "Gurudakshina," a voluntary
  contribution after the completion of their
  studies.

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Education in the Medieval Period

• Nalanda, Takshila, Ujjain, Vikramshila
  Universities. Art, Architecture, Painting, Logic,
  Grammar, Philosophy, Astronomy, Literature,
  Arthashastra (Economics Politics), Law, and
  Medicine.
• Takshila specialized in the study of medicine,
• while Ujjain laid emphasis on astronomy.
• Nalanda, being the biggest centre, handled all
  branches of knowledge, and housed up to 10,000
  students at its peak.

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• Education in medieval India expressed a new
  perspective in the 11th century .
• The muslim established the elementary and
  secondary schools .
• There was a fresh interaction between Indian and
  Islamic traditions in the fields of knowledge
  like theology ,religion , philosophy ,fine arts
  ,painting ,architecture, mathamatics ,medicine
  and astronomy .

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• Muslim rulers promoted urban education by
  building libraries and literary societies
  .primary schools called maktabs were established
  and reading writing and basic Islamic prayers
  were taught.
• Secondary schools called Madrasas taught advanced
  language skills .
• These were setup by sultans nobles and other
  influential ladies.
• a scholars from Madrasa would be eligible for
  civil service and to become a judge.

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Education in Modern India

• The educational system which the British
  introduced teaching of English language was given
  greater emphasis and the study of languages like
  Arabic ,Persian and Sanskrit were left to
  individual efforts .

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OBJECTIVES

• The English introduced modern education
• To reduce the expenditure on administration
• To encourage the study of English language
• To expand market for English goods
• To spread Christianity

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Universities in Indiabefore independence

• 1847 . In that year was establishes the Thompson
  College of Civil Engineering at Roorkee, later to
  become the Roorkee University (1949), the first
  engineering university in the country. Now it is
  named as IIT roorkee.
• 1854 Establishment of the College of Engineering
  in Pune in 1854 which is still in existence.
• 1856 Bengal Engineering College in Howrah came
  up in 1856 to impart training to the
  engineering personnel of the PWD. Bengal
  University of Science and Technology in 2000.

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• 1887 Victoria Jubilee Technological Institute
  (now Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute)
  estd. in 1887 now a deemed University
• 1909 In 1909 was established the Indian
  Institute of Science at Bangalore which owes
  its existence to the vision and munificence of
  the late J.N. Tata. It offers only postgraduate
  and research programmes
• 1908 College of Textile Technology, Serampore,
  West Bengal
• 1914 Government Central Textile Institute,
  Kanpur
• 1926 Indian School of Mines (Dhanbad)
• 1929 Birla Institute of Technology and Science
  (Pilani)
• 1941 Delhi Technological University- Estd. in
  1941 as Delhi College of Engineering , became
  Delhi Tech University in 2009

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After independence

• In 1945 the Sarkar Committee was appointed to
  suggest options for advanced technical education
  in India. The Sarkar committee recommended the
  establishment of higher technical institutes
  based on the Massachusetts Institute of
  Technology in the four regions of India. This
  resulted in the setting up of the five Indian
  Institutes of Technology at Kharagpur (1951),
  Bombay (1958), Kanpur (1959), Madras (1959) and
  Delhi (1961) (Delhiwas added on to the original
  four).
• The All India Council for Technical Education was
  setup in 1945, to oversee all technical education
  (diploma, degree and post-graduate) in the
  country.

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• NITs
• During the second five-year plan (195660) in
  India, a number of industrial projects were
  contemplated. To ensure enough supply of trained
  personnel to meet the demand for these projects,
  a decision was taken to start the Regional
  Engineering Colleges (RECs), at the rate of one
  per each major state
• 15 Regional Engineering Colleges were established
  one in each of the major States. In 2003 all RECs
  were upgraded to NITs and central government took
  control to run these Institutes.
• Present we have 30 NITs in India.

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• Total around 3400 engineering institutes in India
  with intake of 15,00,000 students.
• Old Andhara pradesh contributing major part
• with 700 engineering colleges, intake
  3,40,000.
• Tamilnadu with 498 colleges intake 2,36,000.

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Indian Engineering Education Paradigms

• Pre-1950 Focus on engineering practice design
  according to codes and well-defined procedures
  limited use of mathematics many faculty with
  industrial experience and/or strong ties with
  industry
• 1950-1999 Focus on engineering sciences
  fundamental understanding of phenomena analysis
  majority of faculty trained for teaching and some
  research
• 2000 onwards Focus on teamwork, collaborative
  working, integration in design and manufacturing,
  continuous improvement high scientific caliber
  and analytical ability, adoptability and
  innovativeness

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Major challenges

1. Qualified Faculty shortage.
2. Lack of interest among graduating engineers for
   pursuing either research degree programs or
   teaching careers.
3. Engineering Education perceived as a business
   opportunity by some people.
4. Lack of adequate industry-institute interaction.
5. no perfect method to assess the knowledge of
   student.

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Continued..

• 5. Mismatch between education received by
  graduates and job requirements.
• 6. The recent boom in IT and ITES sectors has
  caused a disproportionate increase in admission
  capacity in IT disciplines, at the expense of
  other disciplines.
• 7. lack of infrastructure and facilities.
• 8. While the admission capacity at the UG level
  has been on the rise, a corresponding growth at
  the PG level has not taken place

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Remedies

• 1. Connect to Knowledge Network
• The first and most important connect is the
  institutions connect to the vast body of
  knowledge. This will ensure that the power of
  connectivity and power of networking is well
  utilised by the students and faculty in
  comprehending the state-of-art as also to develop
  capabilities to work in todays knowledge
  intensive tech-savvy environment.

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• 2. Connect to the Industries
• This is absolutely necessary to focus on
  relevance. Industry partnership in delivering
  expert lectures, conducting technology workshops,
  participation in joint guidance of major projects
  and for internship to the students forms the
  basics of the connect to the industries. This
  connect to the industries should further result
  into institutions and industries working together
  on new challenges of product innovation and
  technology development.

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• 3. Connect to the Society
• It is important that the institutions begin to
  focus on the society in which they are
  established so as to be partner in progress to
  addressing the major problems such as energy
  efficiency, energy conservation, environmental
  degradation, water quality management, creating
  trained manpower in areas of emerging and new
  technologies and as also partnering with local
  schools to create the desired interest in science
  and engineering.

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• 4. Connect to Local and Global Systems of Tech
  Education
• This vital connect promotes collaboration,
  cooperation and alliances with RD organisations
  and universities at national as well as global
  levels. The institution on its part can take
  advantage of the peer group in these institutions
  / universities for strengthening its internal
  peer review so as to constantly assess and focus
  on quality and excellence.
• Engineering and technology education and
  research cannot flourish without effective
  linkages and mechanisms for collaboration and
  cooperation between universities and institutions
  in India and at the global levels.

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What qualities should a good engineer have?
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• Possesses a Strong Analytical Aptitude
• Shows an Attention to Detail
• Has Excellent Communication Skills
• Takes Part in Continuing Education
• Is Creative
• Shows an Ability to Think Logically
• Is Mathematically Inclined
• Has Good Problem Solving Skills
• Is a Team Player
• Has Excellent Technical Knowledge

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SOME GREAT INDIAN ENGINEERS

• Mokshagundam Visweswaraya Father of Indian
  Engineering
• Ali nawaz jung bahadur under nizam government
• A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Father of Indian Rocketry
• E. sreedharan metro man of india.

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