The Menace of Obesity, its Health Hazards and Management

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"Lifestyle Disorder"
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OBESITY

• Obesity is the most common disorder of the
  affluent countries of the West as well as the
  higher socio- economic groups of our country.
• It is a state of excess accumulation of fat in
  the body
• Obesity is a condition of excess body weight,
  i.e. when the weight of a person is 20 or more
  than the ideal body weight
• IDEAL BODY WEIGHT-
• The ideal body weight of a person depends on age,
  sex, height and body frame
• However, as each person is an individual, even
  normal values of ideal body weight in healthy
  persons vary over a relatively wide range

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OBESITY

• Body Mass Index (BMI)-
• The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a statistical
  measurement derived from your height and weight
• Although it is considered to be a useful way to
  estimate healthy body weight, it does not measure
  the percentage of body fat
• The BMI measurement can sometimes be misleading -
  a muscleman may have a high BMI but have much
  less fat than an unfit person whose BMI is lower
• However, in general, the BMI measurement can be a
  useful indicator for an 'average person'

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OBESITY-

• Two important factors associated with the
  risk of developing several chronic diseases are
  total body fat and the distribution of that fat
  on the abdomen and trunk or peripherally on the
  arms and legs.
• "Body fat comprises "essential" and "storage"
  fat"
• Essential Fat is present in small amounts in the
  muscles, bone and marrow, heart, lungs, liver and
  nervous tissue and is required for their normal
  functioning
• Storage Fat is the energy reserve stored as
  adipose tissue under the skin and around the
  internal organs and is expandable
• "The total body fat(essential and storage)
  associated with optimal health is 10-25 of body
  weight for a normal adult man and 18-30 for a
  normal adult woman"

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Distribution of Fat-

• It differs in men and women and is controlled
  genetically
• Excess of subcutaneous truncal abdominal fat is
  known as"android fat" distribution and gives the
  body an "apple shaped" appearance the trunk to
  hip ratio becomes high
• It is common in men
• Risk Factors-
• Cardiovascular problems
• Hypertension
• Hyperlipidemia and
• Android obesity is also known as
• the metabolic syndrome

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Distribution of Fat-

• Deposits of gluteo-femoral fat around the hips
  and thighs is the "gynoid fat" seen in women
• Giving a "pear shape" to the body
• The fat deposits support the demands of pregnancy
  and lactation
• Risk Factors-
• Predisposition to glucose intolerance
• Cardiovascular disease is lower with gynoid fat
  distribution
• After menopause, women are more likely to have
  the android fat distribution and hence have
  greater risk of diabetes and cardiovascular
  diseases

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Assessment of Obesity-

• Standard weight for height measures
• Body mass index(BMI)/Quetelet's Index
• Waist Circumference
• Skinfold Thickness

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Health Hazards of Obesity-

• Obesity leads to psychological problems
• Mechanical disabilities
• Predisposes to renal diseases
• Metabolic diseases
• Cardiovascular diseases and
• Reduces life expectancy

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Health Hazards of Obesity
Health Hazards of Obesity-
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Etiology

• The causes of obesity have been a subject of
  continuous, intensive research
• It is an interplay of both genetic and
  environmental factors involving several variables
• Genetic factors
• Psychological factors
• Behavioural factors Physical inactivity, Eating
  habits, Social aspects
• Physiological factors Age and sex, Endocrinal
  factors

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Management-

• Successful weight loss can be brought about
  through a combined nutritional and behavioural
  approach.
• Diet and feeding pattern-
• The satiety value of the diet is extremely
  important so as to give a feeling of satisfaction
  and well being
• Adequate amount of protein foods, fibrous fruits
  and vegetables, whole grains and pulses provide
  satiety and thus help cut down food intake
• Fluid and salt restriction is not needed unless
  obesity is accompanied by odema, hypertension and
  congestive heart failure. Beverages, however,
  should not be sweetened

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Management-

• Foods to be used in restricted amount or avoided
• High fat foods like butter, processed cheese,
  chocolates, cream, ice cream, fatty meals, fried
  foods like samosa, mathries, pranthas, poories,
  kachories, potato chips, nuts pastries, saland
  dressing, etc.
• High carbohydrate foods such as bread, cakes,
  cookies, dried fruits, rich pulaos, potatoes,
  sweet potatoes, honey, syrups, jams, rich
  puddings, etc.
• Carbonated and malted beverages, alcoholic drinks
  and sweetened fruit juices

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Criteria of weight reducing diets are-

• Deficient in energy
• Adequate in other nutrients
• Sufficient bulk to provide satiety
• Easily adapted from family meals
• Easy to follow when eating out
• Reasonable in cost
• Must modify dietary behaviour

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Lifestyle Modification forWeight Loss

• Lifestyle modification is most important, not
  only to bring about weight loss, but also to
  maintain the weight loss achieved
• It requires analyzing behaviour to identify
  events associated with eating, exercise and
  thinking and hence to avoid those that contribute
  to weight gain
• Self-maintaining and self-discipline are required
  to exercise control and bring about behavioural
  modification

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You can also know more about some good eating
habits lifestyle modification programs through
the website www.drgwellness.com