Types of Strokes

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Types of Strokes
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What is a stroke?

• A stroke is a sudden loss of brain function. It
  is caused when the flow of blood to the brain is
  blocked or the blood vessels in the brain are
  ruptured. The interruption of blood flow or the
  rupture of blood vessels causes brain cells
  (neurons) in the affected area to die.

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What are the types of strokes?

• Ischaemic stroke - An ischaemic stroke is caused
  due to a blood clot. Blood clotting is usually
  beneficial as it helps to slow down or stop
  bleeding from a wound, however, in case of a
  stroke, blood clots are dangerous as they block
  the arteries and cut off blood flow.
• Haemorrhagic stroke Haemorrhagic strokes are
  caused by a break in the wall of a blood vessel
  in the brain which causes blood to leak into the
  brain, again stopping the delivery of oxygen and
  nutrients.

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Ischaemic stroke

• There are two ways an ischaemic stroke can occur

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Embolic stroke

• An Embolic Stroke occurs when theres a blood
  clot somewhere in the body (usually in heart) and
  the clot travels through the bloodstream to your
  brain. When the clot reaches your brain, it
  travels to a blood vessel which is too small for
  the it to pass through, and it gets stuck and
  blocks blood flow.

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Thrombotic Stroke

• As the blood flows through the arteries, it may
  leave behind cholesterol-laden plaques that
  stick to the inner wall of the artery. Over time,
  these plaques can increase in size and narrow or
  block the artery and stop blood getting through.
  In the case of stroke, the plaques most often
  affect the major arteries in the neck taking
  blood to the brain. Strokes caused in this way
  are called thrombotic strokes.

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Haemorrhagic stroke

• There are two ways an Haemorrhagic stroke can
  occur

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Intracerebral haemorrhage

• Intracerebral haemorrhage occurs when an artery
  inside the brain bursts and bleeds into the
  brain. The most common cause is high blood
  pressure (hypertension)

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Subarachnoid haemorrhage

• Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is bleeding on the
  surface of the brain. There are 3 layers of
  membrane (or meninges) that cover the brain. A
  subarachnoid haemorrhage is a bleed that happens
  between the layer closest to the brain and the
  second layer.

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An aneurysm

• An aneurysm is a weak spot in the wall of an
  artery that balloons out. As the aneurysm gets
  bigger, it gets weaker and can burst. If the
  aneurysm bursts, it leaks blood into the
  brain.A burst aneurysm is usually caused by
  high blood pressure (hypertension) or trauma (a
  sudden injury to the head).

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An arteriovenous malformation (AVM)

• An arteriovenous malformation is a tangled mass
  of blood vessels (arteries and veins). It can
  occur anywhere in the body, including the brain.
  An AVM is usually present at birth. It may be
  that as you get older, the blood vessels get
  bigger and weaker. If the AVM is located in the
  brain and the blood vessel walls burst, then you
  will have a haemorrhagic stroke.

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Conclusion

• It is important that if stroke symptoms occur,
  the person sees a doctor promptly, even if the
  signs go away and you feel completely better. The
  doctor will try to find the underlying cause of
  the stroke treatment and then organise treatment
  to lower your risk of another attack or stroke.

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