Guide to Hydration and Senior Health

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Guide to Hydration Senior Health
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As temperatures heat up, seniors should be
particularly careful about taking steps to
prevent dehydration. The elderly are susceptible
to dehydration due to a variety of factors. In
fact, dehydration is a leading cause of
hospitalizations among those over the age of 65.
It is important that both seniors and their
caregivers are aware of the causes and symptoms
of dehydration as well as steps they can take to
ensure proper hydration.
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Why Are the Elderly Prone to Dehydration?
The physiological changes that accompany the
aging process increase the risk of dehydration.
First, the metabolic rate starts to slow, and our
level of physical activity decreases, which means
we need fewer calories. As a result, we get less
fluid from our solid diet, which normally
accounts for approximately half of our daily
water requirement. Seniors also have a decreased
sense of thirst, so they naturally drink less.
The bodys temperature regulation system does not
work as efficiently as we get older, making
seniors more susceptible to the effects of high
temperatures. Chronic health conditions, such as
diabetes and kidney problems, and medications may
also contribute to the risk for dehydration.
Acute illnesses involving persistent diarrhea,
fever, or vomiting can also trigger dehydration
in the elderly.
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Symptoms of Dehydration
Fatigue and lethargy Headaches Muscle
cramps Dizziness Nausea Decreased urine
output or dark urine Dry or sticky mucous
membranes Skin that does not return to its
normal position when pinched Rapid pulse and
respirations Low blood pressure
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Daily Hydration Requirements
Fluid requirements can vary depending on the
amount of physical activity and environmental
factors. As a general rule, seniors should aim
for at least 48 to 64 ounces of water per day.
This increases anytime there is excess water loss
due to sweating or urination.
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Tips for Staying Hydrated
Eat more foods that are high in water content,
such as lettuce, celery, cauliflower, and
melon. Keep glasses of water within easy reach
on the nightstand and end table to encourage
drinking. Use a straw. People tend to consume
more fluids when drinking through a straw than
when sipping from a cup. Set a timer to go off
several times an hour as a reminder to take
several sips of water.
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