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Sample Questions
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Question No 1 You set up an experiment to
investigate the different rates at which soil and
water heat and cool. You use the following
equipment Thermometers (measuring in C)
Container of soil Container of water Radiation
Lamp Timer You obtain the temperature of the
soil and water over a period of time and collect
the following data
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• Based on the results of the experiment, what is
  true about the heating and cooling rates of soil
  and water?
• Water heats faster, but cools slower.
• Water heats and cools faster.
• Soil heats faster, but cools slower.
• Soil heats and cools faster.
• Answer D Question No 2
• All proteins consist of a string of amino acids
  linked together by peptide bonds. Because of its
  unique sequence of amino acids, every protein is
  distinct. Each protein folds into a specific
  conformation when manufactured by cells. All
  proteins must attain three-dimensional
  structures to properly function in the cell.
  While the peptide bonds between the amino acids
  are relatively rigid, all the other chemical
  bonds within a protein are flexible and can
  contort within certain limits.
• The ability of a protein to fold depends on the
  flexibility of these chemical bonds. A small
  protein of about 100 amino acids could undergo an
  astronomical number of trials and errors before
  assuming its final structure. This sampling of
  many conformations before attaining the right
  one would take far too long and so scientists
  hypothesize that there must be pathways which
  guide individual proteins to the right
  conformations, thereby eliminating total
  randomness in sampling. Three pathway models of
  protein folding have been proposed.
• Diffusion-collision model

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• This model suggests that an amino acid within a
  protein can diffuse within its environment until
  it collides with its specific partner amino acid,
  to which it adheres. When all the amino acids,
  are involved in favorable interactions, the
  protein ceases to diffuse and the proper
  conformation is attained.
• Nucleation model
• This model postulates that the acquisition of the
  proper fold within several amino acids would
  trigger the folding process. These amino acids
  act as nucleation centers and cause a domino
  effect in promoting protein folding. The protein
  can be imagined to sequentially acquire its
  proper conformation beginning from the nucleation
  centers.
• Hydrophobic-collapse model
• Out of the 20 different amino acids, some are
  hydrophobic. A hydrophobic amino acid is one
  that does not like to be associated with water
  but does like to be associated with others like
  itself. In the hydrophobic-collapse model,
  hydrophobic amino acids in the protein collapse
  into the center of the protein leaving the
  hydrophilic (water-loving) amino acids to
  surround them and interact with water.
• The nucleation model suggests that some amino
  acids are more important than others whereas the
  diffusion-collision model supposes that all amino
  acids are equally important. Which of the
  following statements is NOT true?
• A mutation in an important amino acid in the
  nucleation model will have no effect according
  to the diffusion-collision model.
• A mutation in an amino acid, which is important
  in the nucleation model, will result in a wrong
  conformation.
• A mutation in an amino acid might affect proper
  protein conformation according to the diffusion
  collision model.
• A mutation in a certain amino acid might have an
  effect according to both the nucleation model
  and the diffusion-collision model.
• Answer A Question No 3
• SDS-PAGE is a technique used by scientists to
  separate proteins according to their size. The
  compound SDS confers a uniform negative charge to
  individual proteins, causing these negatively
  charged proteins to travel toward the anode
  (positive end) when placed in an electric field.
  The migrating proteins are further placed in a
  uniform matrix (PAGE) in order to separate the
  different sizes.

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A bigger, heavier protein meets more resistance
than a smaller, lighter one while traveling
through the matrix, and hence migrates more
slowly. The size of a protein is measured in
Daltons (Da). The relationship between the
logarithm values of the weights of seven proteins
and the distances they travel in the matrix in a
given period of time is illustrated in the graph.
A list of the discrete data point values for
each protein, as well as the corresponding
weight, is presented under the graph on the next
page.
A protein of weight 45 000 Da would be expected
to migrate to the region on the graph marked
6

• W.
• X.
• Y.
• Z.
• Answer A Question No 4
• Background Information
• If a characteristic is expressed in an organism,
  that is the organisms phenotype. The genes that
  determine that phenotype are called the
  organisms genotype. A characteristic is
  determined by the organisms genes that were
  passed down by the parents. If a gene is
  dominant, that gene will be expressed in the
  phenotype. If a gene is recessive, it will only
  be expressed in the phenotype when two
  recessives are present in the genetic makeup of
  that organism.
• Description
• A cat breeder is losing money because customers
  are buying cats that do not have white paws, and
  the cat breeder has mostly white-pawed cats. She
  decides to experiment with breeding with the six
  remaining cats that do not have white paws to see
  if she can produce litters of kittens without
  white paws. A cat without white paws can be
  either pure for the non-white pawed cats
  (homozygote) or a carrier for white paws
  (heterozygote). The trait for having white paws
  is recessive.
• A homozygote for the non-white WW (non-white
  cat paws) A heterozygote for white Ww
  (non-white cat paws)
• A homozygote for the white ww (white cat paws)
• You can create Punnett Squares to show the
  phenotypes that would result from two parent
  cats breeding.
• WW x WW cross yields all non-white pawed kittens.

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• Experiment Group 1
• The cat breeder breeds two cats that do not have
  white paws. She finds that the first generation
  of kittens in this group does not have any white
  paws. When the first generation of cats was
  bred, she finds that the second generation of
  these kittens is 1/8 white-pawed and 7/8 not
  white-pawed.
• Group 2
• The cat breeder breeds two different cats that do
  not have white paws. She finds that the first,
  second, and third generations of kittens in this
  group did not have any white paws.
• Group 3
• The cat breeder breeds two different cats that do
  not have white paws. She finds that the first
  generation of kittens in this group has 1/4 with
  white paws and 3/4 without white paws. She does
  not breed for a second generation in this group.
• Which group contains parent cats that may be pure
  for not having white paws?
• Group 1
• Group 2
• Group 3

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D. None of the groups Answer B Question No
5 Graphs I-IV and Data Table I represent the
motion of objects in one dimension as detected by
a motion detector. Motion in the positive
direction represents motion away from the motion
detector and motion in the negative direction
represents motion toward the motion detector.
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(No Transcript)
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• The data listed in Data Table I could be used to
  construct which graph?
• Graph I
• Graph II
• Graph III
• Graph IV
• Answer C Question No 6
• A mixture that is made by dissolving one compound
  (solute) in another (solvent) is called a
  solution. The amount of solute that can be
  dissolved in a solvent at a given temperature is
  called solubility. For most substances,
  solubility increases with temperature. When the

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amount of solute dissolved in a solvent exceeds
the solubility, the solution is called
supersaturated. Rock candy can be made by
dissolving as much sugar in water, as solubility
would allow at a high temperature, and then
slowly cooling the solution to room temperature.
If a thin string is dipped into it and left in
the solution, the sugar in excess of the
solubility at room temperature will form sugar
crystals around the string, making the sweet rock
candy. The solubility (in grams of sugar per 100
grams of water) as a function of temperature (in
degrees Celsius) is plotted in the graph below.

• How much sugar must be added to a solution of 50
  g of sugar in 100 g of water at 45 degrees
  Celsius in order for the solution to be
  supersaturated?
• More than 10 grams
• More than 20 grams
• More than 100 grams
• More than 200 grams
• Answer D Question No 7
• The heart is an organ that pumps blood throughout
  the circulatory system in the body. Red blood
  cells are a tissue in the body that carry
  nutrients to the bodys cells and waste away

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from the bodys cells. The heart rate increases
or decreases depending on the bodys needs to
transport nutrients and waste. In an experiment,
a female had her heart monitored. For one minute,
she sat in a chair quietly. At the end of the
first minute to the end of the third minute she
did jumping jacks. Finally, she sat again in the
chair and waited until her heart rate went back
to her resting heart rate as measured in the
first minute. After performing this experiment,
the following graph was created.
Which of the following tables accurately displays
the information found in Graph 1
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Answer A Question No 8 A mixture that is made
by dissolving one compound (solute) in another
(solvent) is called a solution. The amount of
solute that can be dissolved in a solvent at a
given temperature is called solubility. For most
substances, solubility increases with
temperature. When the amount of solute dissolved
in a solvent exceeds the solubility, the solution
is called supersaturated. Rock candy can be made
by dissolving as much sugar in water, as
solubility would allow at a high temperature,
and then slowly cooling the solution to room
temperature. If a thin string is dipped into it
and left in the solution, the sugar in excess of
the solubility at room temperature will form
sugar crystals around the string, making the
sweet rock candy. The solubility (in grams of
sugar per 100 grams of water) as a function of
temperature (in degrees Celsius) is plotted in
the graph below.
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• In order for 250 g of sugar to completely
  dissolve in 100 g of water, the temperature of
  the solution would have to be at a minimum of
• 15 degrees Celsius.
• 25 degrees Celsius.
• 45 degrees Celsius.
• 65 degrees Celsius.

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• Answer C
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