The Living World- Class XI

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THELIVING WORLD
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ERNST MAYR

• Studied at HARVARD UNIVERSITY and also referred
  as DARWIN OF 20TH CENTURY.
• He was titled as ALEXANDER AGASSIZ PROFESSOR OF
  ZOOLOGY EMERITUS through HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
• Mayr had given triple crown of biology
• BALZAN PRIZE1983
• INTERNATIONAL PRIZE FOR BIOLOGY1994
• CRAFOORD PRIZE1999

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• Growth and reproduction are mutually exclusive
  events.
• Growth cannot be taken as defining property of
  living organisms.
• Reproduction also cannot be an all-inclusive
  defining characteristic of living organisms.
• Cellular organisation of the body is the defining
  property of life forms.
• Consciousness becomes the defining property of
  living organisms.

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TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES

• SPECIES basic and smallest unit of
  classification.
• GENUS group of related species which has more
  characters in common in comparison to species of
  another genera.
• FAMILY group of related genera with still less
  no. of similarities as compared to genus and
  species.
• ORDER assemblage of families which exhibit a few
  similar characters.
• CLASS related orders.
• PHYLUM classes with a few similar characters
  are assigned to a higher category.
• KINGDOM topmost unit or highest unit of
  classification.

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HERBARIUM

• Store house of collected plant specimens that
  are dried , pressed preserved on sheets.
• Sheets carry a label contains info. about date
  and place of collection , English , local and
  botanical names , family , collectors name , etc

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BOTANICAL GARDENS

• Consists of collections of living plants for
  reference.
• Plant species in these gardens are grown for
  identification purposes and each plant is
  labelled indicating its botanical/scientific name
  and its family.
• Some famous botanical gardens are

NAME OF BOTANICAL GARDEN PLACE
KEW BOTANICAL GARDEN ENGLANDKEW
INDIAN BOTANICAL GARDEN KOLKATAINDIA
NATIONAL BOTANICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE LUCKNOWINDIA
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MUSEUM

• Biological museums are set up in educational
  institutes.
• Have collections of preserved plant animal
  specimens.
• Specimens may be dried or preserved in solutions.

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Zoological parks

• Places where wild animals are kept in protected
  environm-ents.

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KEY

• IDENTIFICATION AID FOR ANIMALS PLANTS BASED ON
  SIMILARITIES DIS-SIMILARITIES.
• KEYS ARE BASED ON CONTRASTING CHARACTERS
  GENERALLY IN A PAIR CALLED COUPLET.
• EACH statement in a key is called lead.
• Keys are generally analytical in nature.

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FLORA,CATALOGUES,MANUALS,MONOGRAPHS
NAME DESCRIPTION
FLORA Contains actual account of habitat distribution of plants of a given area
CATALOGUES A small booklet contains list of names of plants,books related to botanical titles,name of authors or publication present in a given area
MANUALS Useful in providing info for identification of names of species found in an area
MONOGRAPHS Contains info on any taxon
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abbreviations
ABBREVIATED FORM FULL FORM
ICNB International Code of Nomenclature for Bacteria
ICTV International Committee for the Taxonomy of Virus
ICVN International code of viral nomenclature
ICNCP International code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants
ICBN International code of botanical nomenclature
ICZN International code of zoological nomenclature
NOTEFULL FORM OF ICBN IS WRONG IN
NCERT-XICLASSpage-06 , 4th para , 5th line