Concept and theories of organizational behavior

1
CONCEPT AND THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOUR
2

• Presented By..
• Ms.P. MEENA.
• M.Sc.(N)

3
INTRODUCTION

• Organization is inescapable part of our life .
  we are born in organization , educated by
  organization and most of us spend much of our
  lives working for organization .
• The company that employs us the institution
  that impart education to many of us the super
  bazars that supply groceries to us the post
  office that handle our mail , the police agencies
  and the govt. that gave us cradle to grave
  security are all organization

4

• Organisation are large ,small ,formal ,informal
  ,religious ,economic ,educational social or
  political-affect as enormously .

5
DEFINITION
6

• Organization is defined as the setup where
  people work together as a team to attain common
  organization goals.
• ACCORDING TO PIFFNER- Organization consist of
  the relationship of individual to individual
  group to group which are related as to bring
  about an orderly division of labour.

7

• An organization is made to run an institution
  nothing can be accomplish in a proper way without
  an organization.

8
NATURE OF ORGANIZATION

• ORGANIZATION SHOULD HAVE 4P-
• P - Purpose
• P - Process
• P - Person
• P - Place

9

• Function means majour purpose to be achived
  e.g.health,defence,education etc
• Process is a technique or primary skill more or
  less of specilized kind provide service to public
  e.g.medical,nursing etc.
• body of person served e.g. target group,area
  etc.
• Place i,e teritorial justice consist of people to
  be served e.g PHC,Hospital.

10
PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIGATION
11
(1) HIERARCHY

• Hierarchy means the rule or control of higher to
  lower .
• Hierarchy consist in the universal application of
  superior subordinate relationship through a
  number of level of responsibility reach from the
  top to the bottom of structure.

12
(2) AUTHORITY RESPONSIBILITY

• Authority is the right or power to give order to
  the subordinate.
• It is the right of a person to command other
  person to do things and generally to get the work
  done by them.
• Responsibility means the duty which the
  subordinate is expected to perform by virtue of
  his position in the organization.

13
(3) DIVISION OF LABOUR

• It refers to the division of work among various
  individuals in the organization to bring about
  specialization in every ativity.

14
(4) DISCIPLINE

• Discipline means getting obedience to rules and
  regulation of organization.
• According Fayol discipline is obedience to
  agreements reach between parties in the
  organization good discipline is the result in
  effective leadership and clear understanding
  between management .

15
(5) UNITY OF COMMAND

• One sub ordinate should receive orders from one
  superior only. If he receive order from more than
  one superior he will not be able to carry out
  order in proper manner.
• Fayol observed that if this discipline violated
  the order will be disturbed.

16
(6) UNITY OF DIRECTION

• Fayol expressed this principle to mean one head
  and one plan for a group of activities having the
  same objectives. The principle of unity of
  direction is useful for designing and functioning
  if the organization structure that is creating
  departments and sub departments

17
(7) CO-ORDINATION

• Coordination affects the people, groups
  organizational units and all activities with in
  every enterprise. Lack of coordination causes
  waste of time effort and money.

18
(8) CENTRALIZATION V/S DECENTRALIZATION

• It means concentration of authority at one place
  or at one level in the organization.
• On the other hand, decentralization referral to
  the disperal of authority to the levels in the
  organization.
• In small organization managers orders go directly
  to subordinates there is absolute centralization.
• Thus centralization authority is always present
  to a greater or less extent in every
  organization.

19
(9) INTEGRATION DISINTEGRATION

• Administrative branch should be fully integrated.
  According to integration principle, several
  administrative unit combine together to make a
  single whole organization.
• The disintegrated administration, constitution
  vests in individual departments right and
  authority to act freely..

20
IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIZATION

• Prevents overlapping of activities .
• Increase managerial efficiency.
• Ensure optimum use of human efforts .
• Ensure balances between various activities .
• Facilitate co-ordination.
• Motivate creative and innovative ideas.
• Prevents the growth of corrupters.
• Prevents overlapping of activities.

21

• CONCEPT OF ORGANISATION
• Organisation as a structure
• Organisation as a process
• Organisation as a group
• (1)Organisation as a structure-
• Organisation structure describe the organisation
  framework just as human being has skeleton it is
  like an artichitectural plan of a building.

22

• While designing good structure the manager too
  must look into factor like benefits of
  specialization, communication problem and problem
  in creating authority level and structure is
  essential for achieving organisational goal.
• MANAGER-----
• Determine the work activities
• Write job descriptions
• Organizes people
• Assigns them to superiors

23

• (2)Organisation as a process--
• Process---
• Differentiation of activities.
• Integration of activities
• Differentiation is the segmentation of
  organisational system into subtype.
• Integration is a process of achieving unity of
  effort among the various sub system while
  achieving goal.

24

• (3)Organisation as a group---
• Organisation ---
• Co-ordinate activities of two or more person.

25

• THEORIES OF ORGANISATION
• (1)Scientific management of physiological
  organisation theory.
• (2)Classical theory of organisation.
• (3)Neo-classical organisation theory.
• (4)Modern organisation theory.

26

• Scientific management of physiological
  organisation theory---
• This concept was first used by LOUIS BRANDIS.
• This theory pointed out that management is a true
  science resting upon fixed laws, rules and
  principle.
• ASSUMPTION RELATED TO SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT-
• The incentive of high wages (sallery) will
  promote the mutulity of interest between workers
  and managers which in its turn will lead to
  higher productivity.

27

• (2)CLASSICAL THEORY OF ORGANISATION--
• This theory was formed around four pillars.
• (1)Division of work-
• If the worker perform same work repeatetly their
  efficiency will improve and they will be
  benificial for organisation.
• (2)Scaler and functional processes-
• There was growth in chain of command,deligation
  of authority and unity of command.

28

• It provide a grading system of duty.
• Functional process deal with division of
  organisation is specialized unit.
• (3)Structure -
• It is a framework of formal relationship in the
  organisation among various task activity and
  people.
• (4)Span of control-
• It means number of subordinates a superior can
  control at one time.

29

• (3)NEO-CLASSICAL ORGANISATIONAL THEORY--
• It focus on human beings in organisation.
• Here two point were emphasized i,e the
  organisation situation should be viewed in
  social,economical and tecniqual term
• The other point emhasized on importance of formal
  and informal form of organisation.
• This theories are having pillars on which this
  theory was laid------

30

• (1) Division of work.
• (2) Departmentation -
• E.g school having different department like
  education , nutrition, auditorial etc.
• (3)Coordination ---
• E.g coordination between student and teacher,
  higher level organisation to middle level
  organisation.

31

• (4)Human behaviour -
• E.G . adjustment with situation -
• The neo-classical theory provide flat structure
  which facilitate communication between the
  superior and subordinates and better then all
  structure of classical theory.

32

• (4)MODERN ORGATION THEORY--
• The modern theory emphasis on the conceptual and
  analytical base (cocept and end result).
• Two approaches-
• System approach.
• Contingency approach.
• (1)System approach-
• It study organisation in its totality (total
  study)
• System can be well understood by understanding
  various sub system with in it.

33

• Each system can be identified by certain
  processes , roles, structure and norms of
  conduct.
• (2)Contingency approach-
• It suggest an organisational designe which suits
  a perticular unit.
• This approach suggest the needs,requirement,situat
  ion of perticular concern should be considered
  while desigining an organisational structure.

34

• Internal and external factor influnce an
  organisation.
• Environment.
• Technology.
• Size of operation.
• People.

35
THANK YOU