Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
Introduction

• To access details of a passport holder through
  Smart card technology. For this purpose, the
  authorized person is provided with a Smart card.
  This card contains an integrated circuit that is
  used for storing, processing information through
  modulating and demodulating of the radio
  frequency signal that is being transmitted by the
  reader.

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
Block Diagram
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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
Hardware Requirements

• Arduino develop board
• RFID Reader
• RFID tags
• LCD
• Resistors
• Capacitors
• Diodes
• Transformer
• Voltage Regulator
• Crystal
• and LED.

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
Software Requirements

• Arduino software
• Language Arduino programming language

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
What Smart Card?

• A Smart card is a plastic card about the size of
  a credit card.
• With an embedded microchip that can be loaded
  with data.
• Used for telephone calling, cash payments , and
  other applications, and then periodically
  refreshed for additional use.

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
How Does It Work?

• Smart Card inserted into Card Acceptor Device
  (CAD), card reader
• Communicated with CAD through half duplex serial
  lines with a data rate of up to 9600 bits per
  second
• Commands follow standard ISO 7816 specifications
• Smart Card can get information from host
  computer, provide identification, do
  encryptions/decryption , etc.

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
Smart Card Readers

• Computer based readers
• Connect through USB or COM (Serial) ports

• Dedicated terminals
• Usually with a small screen, keypad, printer,
  often also have biometric devices
  such as thumb print scanner.

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
Terminal/PC Card Interaction

• The terminal/PC sends commands to the card
  (through the serial line).
• The card executes the command and sends back the
  reply.
• The terminal/PC cannot directly access memory of
  the card
• Data in the card is protected from unauthorized
  access.
• This is what makes the card smart.

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
Fields of Smart Card Usage

• Health Applications
• For example in Germany health insurance companies
  will issue an electronic health card
• Cards for the health professionals
• Electronic passport (ePass, ICAO-specifications)
• No need to say that BSI is active in this field

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
Fields of Smart Card Usage

• eGovernment / eCard
• Goal to fit as many applications as possible
  onto one card in order to avoid multiple cards
  for every citizen
• BSI is very active to promote this concept in
  Germany
• Social insurance also related to this

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
Fields of Smart Card Usage

• Digital Signatures
• As you know CC evaluation is required here by law
  in Germany and other countries
• Digital Tachographs
• Smart cards will be used in trucks in Europe
  instead of paper disks in order to store driving
  times and similar data
• Access Control in companies and organizations
• Public Transport

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
Physical Structure Life Cycle

• Physical structure specified by ISO Standard
  7810, 7816
• Printed circuit provides five connection points
  for power and data
• Capability of Smart Card defined by IC chip
• Microprocessor
• ROM
• RAM
• EEPROM

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
RFID Privacy and Smartcard Privacy
RFID Radio Frequency Identification

• Transponder (RFID-Tag, RFID-Label)
• Antenna
• Integration in Information Systems (i.e. Server,
  Services, Back Office Example inventory control
  system)

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
RFID

• RFID has 3 identity types
• ID linked to Person
• direct identification personal data on chip
  (biometrics)
• personal data in database (employee badge)
• ID linked to Service
• In combination with person ID (banking, season
  cards)
• Anonymous (one time public transportation paper
  tickets)

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
RFID

• ID linked to Object / Product
• Product information in database (retail products,
  library books)
• Direct identification (car keys)
• Combining Object/Product ID with Individual is
  additional step, covered by existing privacy
  principles

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
Privacy-enhancing solutions for RFID

• System-solutions
• Encryption
• Tag/Reader Authentication
• Range reduction
• Antenna size/design

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
Privacy-enhancing solutions for RFID

• Consumer-in-Control Solutions
• Kill-switch
• Removable tags
• Blocker tags
• Shielding
• User interface (NFC-device)

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
RFID tags

• ICC Principles of Fair RFID use
• RFID-use should be legal, honest, decent
• No personal data stored in RFID-tag
• Consumer information and choice
• Labeling
• How to remove / disable tags

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
RFID tags

• ICC Principles of Fair RFID use
• Privacy statement including RFID/EPC use
• What data is collected via RFID
• Purposes of collection/use
• Data disclosures (if any)
• Data security
• Individuals right of access to data in
  RFID-enabled IT-system

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
Applications of RFID System

• Logistics Chains
• Enterprise Resource Planning Systems
• Inventory Control

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
Applications of RFID System

• Some Benefits
• Reducing the sources of errors(for instance
  reduction of inventory inaccuracies)
• Minimizing out of stocks
• Reduction of labor costs
• Simplification of business processes

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
16X2 LCD

• Most common LCDs connected to the
  microcontrollers are 16x2 and 20x2 displays.
• This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and
  20 characters per line by 2 lines,
  respectively.
• The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which
  refers to the controller chip which receives
  data from an external source (and communicates
  directly with the LCD.

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
LCD Background

• If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will
  require 11 data lines (3 control lines plus the
  8 lines for the data bus).
• The three control lines are referred to as EN,
  RS, and RW.
• ENEnable (used to tell the LCD that you are
  sending it data).
• RSRegister Select (When RS is low (0), data is
  treated as a command)
• (When
  RS is High(1), data being sent is text data ).
• R/WRead/Write (When RW is low (0), the data
  written to the LCD)
• (When
  RW is low (0), the data reading to the LCD).

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
LCD Diagram
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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
Working Principal

• The authorized person is provided with a Smart
   card.
• This card contains an integrated circuit that is
  used for storing, processing information through
  modulating
• Demodulating of the radio frequency signal that
  is being transmitted by the reader.
• Thus, the data stored in this card is referred to
  as  passport details of the person.

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
Working Principal

• Passport verification and checking is a very time
  consuming process.
• This proposed system simplifies the process by
  giving the authorized person
• A smart card containing all the passport details
  like name, passport number and nationality, etc.
• Once, the person places the card into the card
  reader, it reads the data and verifies it with
  the data present in the system and, if it
  matches, then it displays the details of the
  passport holder.

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
Working Principal

• This project utilizes a microcontroller from the
  8051 family.
• For display, a 16X2 LCD is used. The status also
  can be retrieved from this system by pressing the
  status button interfaced to a microcontroller.
• Furthermore, the project can be enhanced by using
  finger printer module.
• This overcomes the drawbacks of smart card and
  provides high level of security to the system.

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
Applications

• Authentication
• PKI authentication
• OTP authentication
• Secret keys
• Digital Signature
• PKI authentication, OTP authentication, Secret
  keys

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
Applications

• Online Card Content Management
• Lazy activation
• PKI certificate renewal

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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
Conclusion

• Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System was
  designed and implemented to avoid forgery and
  security purpose. the project can be enhanced by
  using finger printer module. This overcomes the
  drawbacks of smart card and provides high level
  of security to the system.

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