Еколошки, ниска цена, мање позната технологију воде у будућности, што је релевантно за регион Балкана(резиме на српском)/ Clean, Low Cost, Water…(1of11)

1
Four Levels of Clean, Low Cost, Forgotten Water
Technologies for Industrial / Commercial /
Agricultural applications (Part 1of11)

• ????????, ????? ????, ???? ??????? ???????????
  ???? ? ??????????, ??? ?? ?????????? ??
  ?????? ???????
  

?????? ?? ???????
Ben Rusuisiak New nature paradigm TECH analysis
vancouver, BC, CANADA, Feb10, 2017
www.linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm
2

• 
  
  
  
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  7-?????????? ???-?????????, ??????????????? ?
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  ??? ????????. ??? ?-??? ??? ?? ????????? ??
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  ???, ?-???????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????,
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  ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????????, ?- ????????
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  ?? ??? ?????? ??? "???? ???????????" ? ??????? ??
  ??? "?????? ???? ???????????" ?? ?????? ??? ????
  ???????? ???????? ???????????. ????? ??????
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  ?????????? ????????????. ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????
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  ??????? ???? ?????????????? ????? ?????????
  ???????. ??? ?? ?????? ???? ? "???? ?????????"
  ????????? ???? ? ??????????? ?????????, ??????
  ??????????? ??????, ???? ?? ??? / ????????????
  ????, ???????? ???? ??????, ???????????????
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  ?? ???? ?????????? ? ????????? ????? ??????
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  ??????????????? ?????? ???? ???-????????? ?
  ??-??????? ??????. ??, ????? ???? ???????? ??????
  ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????
  ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????
  ??????? ??????????????????? ???? ???????? ??
  ????????? ? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????
  ??????? ????, ???????? ?????????, ????????
  ???????????, ? ????? ?????????????? ??? ??? ?
  ?????, ????? ???? "????? ????????" ?????
  ??????????? ???? ? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ???????
  ?? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ??? ???
  ??????????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????
  ?????. ? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ??
  ???????????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ??????,
  "????????? ??????" ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??
  ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????????? ??????
  "???????? ??????" ??? 2030. ??????,

3

• 
  
  
  ABSTRACT This presentation
  covers some of low cost, water related
  commercialized cleantech that is under-utilized
  or not commonly known to exist at all, in areas
  of 1-Environmental cleaning, 2-HVAC improvement,
  3- Energy extraction, 4-Industrial
  processes, 5-Drinking water generation,
  6-Geoengineering, 7-Desalination wastewater
  treating, 8-Selective bio-enhancing, rust
  prevention etc. Some of them are convertible for
  a use in field of energy, medical, biology,
  weather modification, material science with
  similar advantages. ?
  
• One of such effects not fully explainable by
  chemistry, yet officially utilized by some
  non-Western ally nations, is prolonged "water
  structure", or/ "activated" electrical charge
  holding capacity of ions in water. There are
  multiple treatment methods that can cause
  sustained unique capability in plain water for at
  least 4-5 days and used without added chemical or
  solutes. e.g. a-As detergent for commercial
  kitchen, butcher or heavy oil removal, b-Non
  fouling industrial cutting or washing fluid,
  c-Hospital operation room, or food industry
  equipment disinfectant, d-Medical
  oxygen/hydrophobic drug delivery, skin
  disease/infection/organ, upto conventionally
  untreatable chronic disease. e-Plant/animal
  growth increase, brackish water feeding,
  Removing animal residence odor, f-Increase
  strength of concrete, ice, paper, g-Enhance
  flavor of pasta, coffee, bakery, h-Low
  emission fuel making from subgrade incombustible
  hydrocarbon, i-Display chemical or mineral effect
  without chemistry present in water. Some
  exceptionally electrical-active water seems to
  even function as "phase catalyst" and used as
  "plain water concentrate" for similar or more
  robust effects by dilution.?
  
  
• Such Scientific Status gap in water tech by
  nations is fairly common and it affects research
  funding market share of effective processes.
  e.g water treatment by Time variant magnetic
  field Rotating/Concentric Electrode, Far
  InfraRed waves, Hydrodynamic Cavitation,
  Sub/SuperCritical water, Non Anthraquinone H2O2,
  Emulsion fuel, Cold fusion, Resonance H2O
  decomposing, Acoustic Pulsed Fire Dewatering,
  Electro-Scavenging effect for rain generation
  Cosmic Ray based climate change idea. One reason
  for discrediting is they might co-display
  scientifically economically disruptive seeming
  thermodynamic over-unity non-local phenomena.
  But low cost effective way to displace chemical
  based system also have been supported in West
  Electrooxidation/coagulation or multiple ways of
  AOP including Ozone was backed by European groups
  they are now supporting Plasma Activated Water,
  Thermal Hydrolysis, Membrane Distillation,
  various Nano Filtration etc. Others are accepted
  but only for certain use ElectroOsmosis/Poration,
  Metal ion, 3chamber electrolysis, Vacuum
  superheated steam, Steam eductor etc. Overall,
  previously science contested low cost clean water
  tech is increasingly rapidly adopted even by
  multinationals, often accompanied by firm back up
  of mainstream media, science, tech awards. And
  unless spread of this new paradigm stalls soon,
  limitation based "closed system" belief of
  society will fundamentally shift to no-limit
  "open system" before 2030.

linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben
Rusuisiak, Vancouver BC, Canada
4

• SELECTED CONTENTS

• PART 1
  p10 Crystallization Template
  sssddAssisted, Fluidized Bed etc
  p21 Ozone UV etc p41
  SuperCritical Water etc
• PART 2 to 11
  p45 Ultrasonic, Cavitation effect, . .
  . Pulsed Combustion Drying
  
  p61 Nano/UltraFine Bubble etc p67
  PhotoCatalytic water etc
• p91 Electrolyzed acid water etc p118 Plasma
  Activated Water
  p126
  Electrolytic Venturi etc p141 .Magnetic Water
  treatment p157 Phase Catalyst Water
  
  p181 Torsion field/Scalar
  Wave p190 Far InfraRed, Bioceramic, ..
  Minerals treated etc

• p221 Pumpable Ice Slurry p228 ElectroSpray
  etc p235 ElectroHydraulic
  effect
• p245 Solar Desalination etc p268 SuperHeated
  Steam etc p288 Magnetic Resonance
  .
  Freezing Thawing
  
• p291 Ion projection p298
  Ferrous/Ferrate Ion water p310 Vacuum
  Saturation/DDW, . Steam Jet
  Ejector/eductor
• p338 Plant Polymer Micelle p343 Rain Related
  Weather .. Modification
  p358 Water Technology List

linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
5

• QUALIFICATION OF
  INFORMATION
  
  
• This presentation might not always reflect the
  views of mainstream group, particularly of
  western media, large NGOs, wikipedia hence
  attendants/readers are recommended to re-assess
  the data from independent perspective Listed
  commercialized claims include that are
  contradicting mainstream science law or
  effectiveness acceptance level, while empirically
  deemed to produce effects repeatedly. "Cleantech"
  here includes "clean chemicals" that are non
  residual Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide, Peracetic
  Acid, Plasma/ElectroChemical reaction etc
• Compared to other industries, water technology
  tends to have wider varied mechanics to achieve
  intended physical effects Labs, schools, even
  conservative mainstream, or mundane looking
  companies often use their own effective unique
  processes not widely known. Many of what is
  covered here are selected technologies known as
  effective in some sectors or by small of
  consumers but not by other sectors.?
  
  Currently more detailed
  reference list is being produced will be
  published separately The research is updated
  based on reviewing academic papers journals,
  books, speeches, presentations, patents,
  lab/commercialized product testimonies/complaints,
  publications public records of
  NGOs/media/research institutes/think
  tanks/military/space gov't agencies/industry
  associations. Due to space constraints,
  referenced individual names are given with max 3
  letters of first name with entire last
  name(except some non-Western names), company
  names are listed in a way that is findable by
  internet search.
• 12 page long Water Technology Effect Comparison
  Grid List is located at the end of presentation.
  
  
  THIS FILE IS PART 1 of 11
  SERIES ENTIRE 11 SERIES CAN BE VIEWED IN ONE
  FILE AT SCRIBDclick here, ISSUUclick
  here, YUMPU click here, or CALAMEO click
  here

linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
6
How to Read Tech Detail Explanation Texts
.

• Technology claims are explained in details in
  each of 66 dedicated section in coming pages.
  Example of Hydrodynamic cavitation below

• Tech effects Code used in tech lists(located at
  end of this presentation) are headed by Boldface
  purple letters as on the right. Code might
  refer to either or both of a-effect of static
  water product, b-process effect itself on water
  rather than water's effect on matter.
• Commercialized tech claims are listed in(Blue
  Letter ), and within bracket means other
  unnamed companies also claim same effect.
  at example D4 indicates
  particularly effective application.

• 11Hydrodynamic cavitation WM Accepted effect
  J(BOD reduction, Advanced Oxidizing Process,
  toxin/oil field waste water/sludge
  decomposing)(WhirlWind.nl), For ballast
  water(Globallast ua), Enhanced oil recovery-
  additional hydrocarbon quality improvement(Arisdyn
  e),
• Sometimes WM Disputed effect, A(Descaling), HVAC
  application(HyCator, VRTX Technologies), Pipe
  cleaning(Group Konstanta ???????), Dairy
  product flow pipe descaling is WM
  rejected(TEKMASH) B(anticorrosion of water
  pipes), C(Algae removal)(CT Systems ua),
  D4(New.

7
66 Under utilized Water Technologies 1-26

• 66 Technology names Well established mainstream
  application might be omitted from effect
  explanations. Same techs are listed twice.
• PART1
  
  1-Crystallization
  TAC(Template Assisted), FBC(Fluidized Bed)
  2-Pulsed Power, 3-KDF, 4-Metal Ion,
  5-Natural Acid, 6-Ozone, 7-UV,
  8-Aeration/Anaerobic, 9-Sub SuperCritical
  Water/Thermal Liquefaction
  
• PART2-11
  
  10-Ultrasonic, Sonic Cavitation
  water, Acoustic Pulse Fire Drying
  
  11-HydroDynamic Cavitation, 12-Spiral Vortex
  flow, Rankine Vortex
  13-Nanobubble-UltraFineBubble,
  14-PhotoCatalytic Water treatment
• 15-Electro Deionization(EDI) Capacitive
  De-Ionization(CDI)
  16-Electrolysis Alkaline water, 17-Electrolysis
  Acid water
  18-Electrolysis Acid-Alkaline mixed,
  19-Boron Diamond Electrolysis
  20-Electro Phoresis/migration/reclamation,
  21-Fulvic Acid water
  22-Nano Material Used Filter,
  23-Plasma Activated Water(PAW)/H2O2
  
  24-Electrolytic Metal Alloy Venturi,
  25-ElectroStatic treated water
  26-Electric field
  pulse

linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
8
66 Under utilized Water Technologies 27-47

• 27-Time Variant Magnetic Field treatment
  Rotating Magnetic Field
  28-Phase Catalyst water or
  Catalytic Water
  29-HHO
  Hydrogen dissolved water
• 30-EM Other Antioxidant type Micro-organism
  activated water
  31-Torsion field Subtle
  field treated water
• 32-Scalar wave phase conjugated paired wave
  treated water
  33-Mineral, Bioceramic, FIR/Thz wave treated
  water 34-Vacuum
  Freezing, 35-Vacuum Flash Vaporization/Vacuum
  Distillation. 36-Water jet, 37-Water Emulsion,
  38-Pumpable Ice Slurry
  39-Sabatier Reaction
  Hydrocarbon production by CO2 H2O
• 40-Electro Deposition/ElectroWinning, Plasma
  Electrolyte Polishing
  41-ElectroSpray, 42-ElectroPoration, 43-Electro
  SonoPhoresis
  44-Electro Hydraulic effect,
  45-ElectroDialysis/Bipolar Membrane
  
  46-ElectroFloatation, 47-ElectroHeating

linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Research,
Vancouver, Canada
9
66 Under utilized Water Technologies 48-66

• 48-Nitrogen Carbon Dioxide infused water
  
  49-Solar Distillation, Solar Water
  treatment, Atmospheric Water Collector
  
  50-SuperCritical Water(also SubCritical,
  Low Temp Hydrolysis, Steam Plasma)
• 51-SuperHeated Steam, 52-Degassing/Degassed pure
  water
  53-Biochar/Classic Carbon UV treated water
  
  54-Slow Acoustic Pulse wave, 55-Nano
  Material Treated water
  56-NanoFiltration water
• 57-Electric Magnetic Resonance Freezing-Thawing
  
  58-Ionizing Projection in air-mist
  
  59-Ferrous Ferric/Ferrate Ion,
  Its oscillation treated water, Iron Sulphate
  water. 60-Vacuum Saturation heating or cooling
  Deuterium Depleted Water. 61-Membrane
  Distillation/Pervaporation
  
• 62-Mineral, FarInfraRed, High Pressure treated
  water, Deep Sea Water
  63-Other Anomalous Processes
  from overunity energy to "ORMUS" making.
  64-Plant NanoPolymer applied water, 65-Rain
  Related Weather Modification. 66-Atmospheric
  Water Generator

linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
10
1Crystallization Effect Accepted by Western
Mainstream(WM) as valid

• 1Crystallization Crystallizing water
  dissolved matter to recover certain material as
  solids, in this section a-Template Assisted
  Crystallization, b-Fluidized Bed Crystallization
  are covered(For Freeze Crystallization see
  section 34').
  
• a-Template Assisted Crystallization TAC This
  particular naming is branded used in English
  speaking nations but other names/no particular
  names used in other nations. Water treating resin
  bead media with special surface triggers
  nucleation pattern of dissolved elements
• WM Accepted effect A(Scale prevention in water
  pipe) Calcium Carbonate CaCO3 etc crystallizes
  in microscopic scale when it passes TAC media so
  that it remains in water instead of depositing
  onto the water pipe wall as hard scale
  formulation.
• B(anti-corrosion in water pipe) rarely this
  claim is made as most companies in this category
  are focused in core Western Mainstream(WM)
  market, but it is possible some of TAC media
  might be triggering additional effects by WM
  unapproved mechanics such as i-charge creation by
  ceramic beads hitting each other, or ii-some kind
  of non-light-photolytic process or metal ion,
  iii-some media contains metal, magnet particles,
  or FarInraRed emitting bioceramic which has same
  effect etc. Pipe descaling effect seems to be
  much faster than magnetic or electric field types
  Might be less effective at heavy solutes
  contained. Commercialized examples Watercryst,
  Nextfiltration, OneFlow

linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
11
1Crystallization continued 2

• b-Fluidized Bed Crystallization(FBC)/Pellet
  Reactor Crystallized pellets of various
  minerals/heavy metal etc are recovered or
  reused(eg Calcium Carbonate CaCO3Calcite etc)
  at drinking water or wastewater processing. This
  method often involves chemical dosage but
  non-chemical cleantech option exists.
  
  
  
  
• WM Accepted effect A(Scale prevention in water
  pipe), By water softening effect combined with
  resource recovery fine sand/silica/calcium on a
  fluidized bed become nucleus for inorganic
  material to continue crystallizing to pellet size
  for recovery utilization, Substantial
  installation in Netherlands but in most other
  hardwater countries especially Americas it
  remains underused or not used at all. Deployed
  at small to large drinking water treatment
  facilities(Hydro-Elektrik GmbH, Veolia Actina,
  Reststoffenunie Waterleidingbedrijven BV,
  Symphonic water solutions) cleantech option is
  non injection of low impact chemical(Caustic soda
  NaOH, Lime CaOH2) to raise pH for enhanced
  crystallization. Lime pellets recovered are used
  for fertilizer/steel/cement/construction industry
  application.
• New calcite nucleus(not sand) pellet growth for
  higher quality lime for increased return(Waternet
  nl),

linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
12
1Crystallization continued 3

• --gtgtcont b-Fluidized Bed Crystallization(FBC)/Pel
  let Reactor
• Unlisted effect(Resource or toxin, heavy metal
  recovery) in addition to water softening
  purpose, FBC's ability to crystallize solutes in
  water is used for wastewater cleaning combined
  with resource recovery. This method often
  deploys chemical dosage, but some companies can
  use cleantech method of non chemical dose or it
  is all recovered for reuse hence no effluent is
  produced(Century Water Systems, Ever-clear
  ????????????? ).
  
  Phosphorus Recovery (Royal HaskoningDHV -
  Crystalactor), add magnesium dosed for
  crystallization of phosphorus but all recovered
  for fertilizer use (Mitsubishi Kakoki, PHOSNIX -
  Hitachi Zosen), But unlike other processes, for
  this purpose, there are many innovative method
  that must always use low dose chemical/polymer
  for flocculation(hence not covered in this
  research) that are as or in some cases more
  effective/lower cost.
• P(Sludge reduction), S(separation of waste
  toxin) as a result this enables separation of
  unprocess-able elements, reduces sludge to be
  handled at rest of wastewater process make more
  entire system to function more effectively
  (particularly Anaerobic Digestion) by providing
  concentrated sludge feedstock.

linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Research,
Vancouver, Canada
13
2Pulsed Power Effect Accepted by Western
Mainstream(WM) as valid

• 2Pulsed Power Strong Electromagnetic field
  pulsation causes water and dissolved ion molecule
  behavior to be affected
• For some effects like pipe scale prevention,
  official WM acceptance occurs only in Pulsed
  Power categorization while other much lower cost
  system with essentially the same mechanics tech
  are pseudoscience treatment(actually the portion
  of higher H2O2 type Reactive Species are
  generated with Pulsed Power via plasma generation
  in water but this is often not mentioned as
  difference by WM). Such as 25Electrostatic
  26Alternating Electric field, 27Alternating
  Magnetic field, and to some extent
  24Electrolytic metal ion and venturi do generate
  some micro plasma by some of effective models.
  High powered pulse is easier to make microplasma
  or even larger plasma in water(for some unclear
  reason certain weaker power systems seem to be
  able to make one also frequency? waveform?)
• Only difference is high cost of device,
  frequency(in some cases) how much high power is
  used to generate the effect. It might be
  beneficial for seller of similar tech products to
  use Pulsed Power as branding name for WM
  acceptance, which might seem to happen with some
  weaker power using devices.

linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
14
2Pulsed Power continued 2

• WM Accepted effect A(Descaling),
  B(unti-corrosion), C(algae stifling) by altering
  electric charge of CaCO3 type elements so that it
  would continue to be suspended in water instead
  of attaching to pipe walls, or stifle germs
  activity, High power devices also caused by
  shockwaves to rupture cell walls, Also effective
  in fouling control by different mechanics but
  same microplasma type generating Microwave
  induction(Onvector), also widely known to
  increase microwave plasma induction by ultrasonic
  wave, H(oil water separation, demulsion), J(Waste
  water cleaning), P(Sludge reduction or odor
  remove), H2(Dewatering), See section
  42Electroporation for more of above J,P,
  H2effects,
• Commercialized eg (Dolphin WaterCare, Griswold
  Water System, Genesis Environmental Service co)
• As generally in West, this type of contrast
  often happens to coincide when existing tech
  lobbying is strong enough to deny tech validity
  of lower cost same effect technology across
  different industry sectors(eg energy industry
  Water emulsion of unburnable oil into low
  emission fuel, medical industry Vaccine, Cancer
  treatment exclusive only valid treatment while
  clearly documented more effective much lower cost
  techs are legally banned from quoting evidence
  and witness).

linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
15
3KDF Effect mix of Accepted Disputed by
Western Mainstream(WM)

• 3KDF(Kinetic Degradation Fluxion) Media with
  copper-zinc formulation, some relation to
  24Electrolytic metal water treatment, Works by
  triggering electrochemical oxidation reduction(by
  copper and zinc in the media) to water for CaCO3
  etc to remain in solution. Also ion reaction for
  bacteria stifling effect. Often used with
  Activated Carbon or a part of many filtering in a
  drinking water system. Stand along system usually
  need backwash every month or more, Usually piggy
  backing other media or filters combined in
  treatment system WM Accepted effect C(Algae
  germ stifling)
• Sometimes media Disputed effects, but WM science
  accepted A(antiscale of pipes), B(anti
  corrosion), Commercialized eg (CuZn Water,
  TowerClean, H2O Concepts )

linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Research,
Vancouver, Canada
16
4Metal Ion Effect mix of Accepted Disputed by
Western Mainstream(WM)

• 4Metal Ion Metal ions of Silver/Copper/Zinc
  to dissolve into water,
  
  
  WM Accepted effects CD(Algae germ stifling as
  process or as water), N(Food detergent),
  
  
  
• Sometimes WM media level Disputed A(Descaling
  water pipes)(BrightWater Environmental )
  
  
• Weaker effects Result is stronger in as "full
  effect" when offered by certain specific mix of
  metal ions(often to do with silver see
  "colloidal or ionic solution" at section 63') or
  some kind of "EM wave amplification" types
  offered by some companies. Effect gap in this
  area depended on technology might be significant.
  This seem to include metal ion itself becomes
  or/and surrounding water into biologically active
  resonance state with selective bioenhancing
  controlling ability H(oil water separation),
  K(Dirty lake, river, ocean water cleaning, fish
  enhancement) significant result in smaller sized
  pond, but effect is weak in ocean or flowing
  river
• Commercialized eg(Cromwell Environment
  Technologies, Nevoton, Ocion, Procare Water
  Treatment, AquaSmarter VALTECH, Exterminator
  Pond), Unique Silver ion H2O2 mix for
  augmented effect of "stabilized" hydrogen
  peroxide(Roam Technology Huwa San - BioXeco,
  Sanosil AG, ) or catalyzed?(Hei Hungerbach) WM
  sometimes insist Ag should decompose H2O2.
• Unclear but seemingly similar mechanics
  Specialty electroplating process of nickel which
  reacts to water, for significantly increased germ
  killing even over silver(Kobelco KENIFINE) can
  be applied to paint as powder, surface is too
  hard to scratch away.

linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
17
5Natural Acid Effect mix of Accepted Disputed
by Western Mainstream(WM)

• 5Natural Acids Here only a few of them are
  highlighted from large of acids that can be
  referred to as naturally fast degradable(hence no
  toxin) acids synthesizable from natural
  ingredients(but usually chemically produced for
  commercial purpose including ingredients).
• Some are fully generated by natural environment
  or bio organism. Due to no residual this
  qualifies as water cleantech. Also see
  Hypochlorous acid(HOCl) at section 17'
  18'Electrolysis, 19'Fulvic acid(C14H12O8). Very
  widely used H2O2 is not covered in this
  presentation.?
  
  i- Citric Acid(C6H8O7)
  Commercialized eg (NuvoH2O, eH2O, Precision
  Dynamics). Standard process in oil
  refining/degumming, but under-utilized usage as
  follows
  
• WM Accepted effect D(general cleaning), in rare
  cases product is used without chemical mix on
  commercial scale. --gtgtcont

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5Natural Acid continued 2

• --gtgtcont i-Citric Acid
• Disputed for commercialized benefit by some media
  or conventional water treatment company linked
  articles, Effects are widely accepted as valid
  for historical traditional manual home type
  applications but far less of academic documents
  to officially approve practicality for commercial
  use, while some industry linked credible groups
  deny its effectiveness. Many chemical scale or
  other water related treatment methods combine
  citric acid with other chemical/mechanics.
• A(Descaling), as chelating agent to soften water
  by reacting with CaCO3 type scale elements,
  H(oil-water separation), M(Spray, soak water to
  last food, less mold), N(Food detergent),
  Y(Insectcide, herb stifler),
• Weaker effect B(Decorrosion or rust prevention),
  F(Laundry detergent as water), i.e. effective
  only in narrower range of situation.

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5Natural Acid continued 3

• ii--Peracetic Acid(C2H4O3)(PAA, Peroxyacetic
  acid) Full std process in many industrial
  applications with very large volume used, but
  significant regional/industrial segment
  acceptance gap with particularly low level in
  consumer use or water treatment related
  application. Might require modification in flow
  system installation due to high metal
  corrosivity. Basically a mix of vinegar and
  hydrogen peroxide. More maintained oxidation
  ability with organic matter mix, also effective
  at lower temperature operation. Even now
  occasional cleantech debunking occurs described
  as "harmful residual chemical" by a small part of
  mainstream or cleantech promotor by lumping
  together with other chemicals that are toxic.
  Some large commodity Hydrogen Peroxide(H2O2)
  producers actively participate for specific end
  use.
• WM Accepted effect Many offer cross-over
  effects A(Descaling), useable for heavy scale
  depositing situation(Evonik DEGACLEAN),
  C(algae-germ killing),(Vetoquinol HYPEROX),
  D(general cleaning, disinfectant)(??????? ),
  F(Laundry detergent as water)(Belinka Perkemija
  PERSAN)
• J(cleaning wastewater)(USP Technologies, Solvay
  Chemicals) low initial infra cost and simple
  operation advantage, Strong enough to have
  effective results on oil field fracking water
  (PeroxyChem VigorOx, Ecolab NALCO Champion),
  85-100 water recycling as a module system(Organo
  jp, ............................................
  ......................... additionally even
  hot water heat is recovered for use(Kurita),
  L(drinking water generation), usually for
  domestic stock/animal(Agraplan Peraclean, Tevan
  Panox), --gtgtcont

• ?ing ???????????? ARRoWS ),

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5Natural Acid continued 4

• --gtgtcont ii--Peracetic Acid?
  
  
  M(Spray on seed/crops to disinfect)(Jet Harvest,
  PERAgreen Solutions), N(Food detergent)(Enviro
  Tech Chemical Services, ?????? "????")
• Strong oxidizer, Fast complete degradation,
  freezing point -40C. Many effects are quite
  potent after high dilution used in some
  industrial disinfection over toxic chemicals even
  when it is not issue, while underused in other
  sectors. There is added synergy by pretreatment
  effect for UV. Many also offer in powder form to
  be diluted by water for use(Atomesbio BIOXY),
• Other H2O2 based Peracetic acid
  variation(Freebac), H2O2 Formic acid gt
  Performic acid(CH2O3 freezing point -18C)(Kemira
  DesinFix), Other acid mix(Novus ACTIVATE wd)
  there are many other variations that are
  biodegradable and low cost. Also Most products
  are transported stored before application, but
  there are 25-40 less cost Peracetic Acid onsite
  production upto 30 range concentration type
  grades from various chemicals(Peracetic Acid
  Systems), while Water Air based onsite
  production is much lower cost(Eltron Water
  IMPAACT)(max 330,000ppm) with negligible vol
  catalyst
• Other Natural Acids that are mainly limited to
  DIY type use small scale utilization with some
  of prementioned situations, and it is possible to
  use cost effectively in many situations as is or
  by blending with other natural acids, but in most
  industrial situations mixed with chemicals eg
  Ascorbic Acid(C6H8O6 Vitamin C), Acetic
  Acid(CH3COOH Vinegar) etc.

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6Ozone Effect mix of Accepted, Disputed,
Rejected by Western Mainstream(WM)

• 6Ozone Part of std process in early stage
  water disinfection, but rare to replace chlorine
  as final stage drinking water treatment before
  circulation mainly due to regulations(Xylem
  Wedeco). Despite some WM claims of opposite,
  cost can be already lower than chemical tech in
  majority of cases.
• Also when not isolate Ozone only effect, other
  byproduct radicals co-produced its synergy seem
  to magnify effect(can be 2-20 fold more effective
  with likely by Hydroxyl generationOH) there
  are many other ways than UV to produce
  Electrolytic Ozone Generation(Biotek-Ozone),
  Spiral vortex water ozone generator
  (Ailove.co.jp), Platinum based coating(with
  Ir, Ru or Rh) of Titanium electrode (Tanaka
  Kikinzoku) etc, Concentrated -supersaturated
  ozone dissolved in water by bubble size
  pressure control etc (BlueInGreen, AirTree
  Ozone). Plasma/Corona discharge in water(Ebara
  EJK jp, Ozomax inc) often in pulse mode,
  Emphasis on duel insitu sterilization by two
  choices with H2O2(Teknomar), also see 19Diamond
  Electrolysis, Catalyst based Ozone(Ozontech
  Systems AB) some effective ones seem to be
  ozone water exposed to corona/plasma discharge,
  Ceramic based Ozone likely
  other reactants co-producing(Medklinn) ?
  
  
  
  

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6Ozone continued 2

• WM Accepted effects In some nations not widely
  deployed
• CD(Algae-germ stifling process, or as water
  short term) Ozonated ice/Ozone ice is rarely
  used application outside of prolonged fish
  preservation(O3-Matic, KoronaOzon), Claims WM
  unapproved max 20ppm ozone dissolved
  (???????? ????)
  
  I(grease trap cleaning, kitchen odor
  removal)(Kanplakun, Oxytech GmbH), Long lasting
  Stabilized Aqueous Ozone(Tersano), Low temp
  Medical Sterilization(TSO3), Partial agriculture
  pesticide replacement while crop growth is
  enhanced by increased oxygen supply(AgOzein, AgO3
  nz), Wine industry(Pacific Ozone), Semi
  pseudoscientized effective dental
  treatment(healOzone), ?
  
  
  
  

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6Ozone continued 3

• --gtcont WM Accepted effects
  
  
  J(AOPAdvanced Oxidation Process waste water
  treatment etc) organic mater is decomposed
  instead of absorbtion type process like filtering
  which requires another process (also see 7'UV),
  Ozone type AOP often involves H2O2, OH-(Hydroxide
  ion), Singlet Oxygen(1O2 excited state,
  regular ground state is triplet3O2) etc
  co-production of Electrolytic related activity
  which generates OH(hydroxyl radical), but there
  seems to be other multiple ways of OH production
  that is not understood/agreed upon(Silver Bullet
  Corp).?
  
  
  AOP is offered by many ozone
  electrolyzer providers but still underutilized in
  many sectors/nations(Note non-ozone based AOPs
  are also listed here to give comparison).
• Companies' focus on different mechanics i-Ozone
  H2O2(Trussell Technologies), ii-H2O2
  UV(Calgon Carbon Sentinel - Rayox) can be used
  for wastewater as well as drinking water with
  residual Hydrogen Peroxide to replace chlorine if
  regulation allows (also generally no risk for O3
  related Bromate byproducts), iii-Ozone water UV
  (Spartan ULTRAZONE), iv-Some use all major
  multiple combo i-iii to maximize multiple
  reactive specie production, and can deliver mega
  size wastewater oxidation system(Ozonia -
  Degrémont - SUEZ, TrojanUV), v-Nanobubble Ozone
  increases effect when organic material attaches
  to negative electron of finebubble
  surface(Sumitomo Seimitsu Kogyo), vi-Some
  combine with Hydrodynamic cavitation(Ozomax
  inc), Others combine cavitation from Ultrasonic
  Hydrodynamic to further significantly augment
  effect for high flow AOP(OZONIX Ecosphere Tech)
  

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6Ozone continued 4

• --gtgtcont WM Accepted effects J(AOP)
  
  Some focus on niche markets
  i-Competitive in Pulp paper bleaching(ZeTrac
  Valmet - Metso), ii-Ground remediation by all
  insitu generation electrochemical process(Kerfoot
  Technologies), or by high pressure pulse mode
  injection of Ozone H2O2 (Applied Process
  Technologies APTwater HiPOx), iii--For Produced
  Flowback water at Oil industry(atg UV),
  iv--Mini AOP portable device(Ozo-Pen), v-For
  ocean water fishpond, or hot spring baths(Toyo
  Valve ????????), etc Under-explored regularly
  claimed effects, H(effective in water oil
  separation), M(food disinfection), N(food
  detergent, Ozone/Ultrasonic can combine to
  increase effectiveness), R(metal precision, high
  tech parts washing) Wafer, semiconductor,
  LCD(liquid crystal display), photomask parts,
  ozone nanobubble infused water is most effective
  washing fluid in some parts(MKS Instruments,
  Nomura nms, Ovivowater ), W(degassing)
  E(Industrial type cleaner), S(coagulation, toxin
  separation)
• Sometimes Disputed effects, A(pipe scale
  prevention by stifling biological element),
  Strong AOP insitu reactive specie mix for
  drastically reduce or eliminate chemical blowdown
  (Ozomax inc, BWT Coolzon, OzoCan),),
  B(corrosion prevention)(Ozone Elettronica - De
  Nora).

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6Ozone continued 5

• Generally WM media Rejected effects,
  significantly lower cost version by Ozone use and
  already major commercial use in some regions
• F(laundry, detergent as water or process,
  effective in cold water use(unless washing load
  is very dirtythen use lukewarm, Ozone dissolved
  type is more effective than direct air ozone
  injection, Some still uses reduced small amount
  of detergent to activate its effect) eg
  PureWash, Guardian Manufacturing, Air Trona )
  Often plasma type method is used(can involve UV
  pulse), co-producing H2O2, Hydroxyl Radical etc,
  some combine other pseudoscientific methods to
  increase effectiveness(eg Magnetic water
  EcoWasher), Nanobubble use(Cwtozone), Validity
  confirmation of low cost and effectiveness is
  sometimes avoided by WM academic while still
  appealed as complete pseudoscience at main
  media(targeting consumer market), but amongst
  scientists and industrial sector this tech is a
  common sense and regularly used,
  

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6Ozone continued 6

• --gtgtcont Generally WM media Rejected effects,
  significantly lower cost version by Ozone use and
  already major commercial use in some regions
  
• Z(Plant growth enhancementaside from
  disinfection by irrigation) Mainly Plasma
  Activated water/Electrosprayed water containing
  Ozone or separately ozone water makes plant
  robust while reducing needs for pesticide(develop
  resistance), Some insist effect is only due to
  extra oxygen(Oxion Inc), Enhancing
  roots(Novozone ltd), Something more than just
  delivering extra oxygen its effects(Mountain
  High Water, Ozonetrust.ir).
• Academical interpretation is soil quality
  enhanced with electrolyte concentration and more
  absorbing softer soil even clays, UV irradiation
  might be additionally required(Han Steffen).
  Additionally saves water also(Climate Control
  Systems Inc, Creative OZ-Air pvt), This effect
  resembles Phase Catalyst Water production
  methods(see section 28', also 23'Plasma Activated
  Water, 41'Electrospray )
• Unlisted effects Water oil emulsion fuel etc
  production Rotating Electrode(also Concentric
  Cylinder Electrode or vortex swirling type
  electrode)use 25 more efficient ozone generator
  use(Inpal net)

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7UV UltraViolet ray Effect mix of Accepted,
Disputed, Fully rejected by Western Mainstream(WM)

• 7UV, widely deployed effect, Not always same
  effect as 6Ozone tech due to some UV types
  incorporate various reactive species
  generation(H2O2 etc leading to Hydroxyl Radical
  production strongest "nonchemical" type
  oxidizer) for disruptive level effect(WM media
  sometimes unapproved).
• Also as effect itself one fundamental difference
  is UV simply disinfects, but Ozone has oxidation
  capability, while UV exposure of Ozone generates
  amplified disinfection ability with Hydroxyl
  generation. But especially on effective
  versions, exact detail on i-catalyst/electro
  chemical process, ii-what reactants are
  co-produced, or iii-what chemical interaction
  types of oxidizing takes place in their reactions
  seem to be both secret unclearly identified at
  the same time. Even cost for non-AOP/regular
  type UV is increasingly becoming lower cost than
  chemical system overall by various tech
  advancement environmental regulation

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7UV continued2

• --gtgtLowering cost of various UV techs
• i Electrodeless UV lamp by microwave/plasma use
  for instant turn on off, light direction
  flexibility, adjust light, low heat etc (Severn
  Trend Denora, MEC co Ltd ), ii similar benefits
  in LED UV/UV-C LED/Excimer UV(laser like
  concentration to focus on selectivity)
  (Aquisense, Aquionics, Acuva Technologies,
  RayVio), often significant effectiveness
  dependence on UV equipment makers, and sometimes
  owned by them, Original UV inventor offering
  water treatment is rare(U-VIX), iii Unique
  quartz inlined water pipe to continuously reflect
  UV light in very effective way combined with
  ultrasonic transducer to prevent
  scaling(Atlantium),
• iv Non water contact easy maintenance UV lights
  surround transparent wastewater pipe with self
  cleaning turbulent flow(Enaqua Grundfos), v
  Vertical reactor flow control(Ozonia aquaray
  SUEZ), vi Further stronger high powered UV
  pulse(in some cases takes 1/30-40 time of
  continuous UV)(Xenex, Excelitas, econos ????)
  AOP type effect.

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7UV continued3

• --gtgtvarious UV techs
• For AOP Level strength i Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2
  co-production and eventual Hydroxyl radical
  generation seems to be one of key factors for
  high effectiveness(compared to Ozone only, far
  stronger effects produced by synergy with other
  insitu produced reactants) as repeated often in
  7'UV 6'ozone section, including Photo Fenton
  Reaction(Enviolet), but also
  ii some irradiate Ozone water with UV for
  significantly amplified effect(Sen Lights UZON),
  iii TiO2UV - Photocatalytic combo,
• WM Accepted effect C(bacteria stifling at pool
  etc), J(AOP process or/and disinfection)
  Commercial pool doable with on par or superior
  effects(DEL Ozone), Ballast water(Alfa Laval,
  Hyde Marine, BIO-SEA/BIO-UV),

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7UV continued4

• --gtgtcont WM Accepted effect
• Super high performance officially pre-made enough
  vol of Hydrogen Peroxide(H2O2) feeding for waste
  water treatment combo with UV system exists since
  1990s(ULTROX, Vulcan - Calgon Carbon Perox-Pure)
  which was often shelved by buyouts other
  methods etc, but actually many seem to be capable
  of further disruptive waterair based insitu
  production of low concentration H2O2 with UV
  combo(Eltron Water PeroxEgen) this tech's
  effectiveness is sometimes WM debunked as "UV
  cannot penetrate well even slight turbid water".
  Shirt pocket carried mini device(SteriPen),
  
  
  While Sometimes WM
  Disputed effects are A(pipe descaling) by
  production of H2O2, Ozone, Hydroxyl(Silver Bullet
  Water) this company also claims Singlet Oxygen
  production as a cause. Occasionally claimed
  effect of above temporarily decomposed water
  functions as E(Industrial cleaner),
  
  
  Weaker occasionally claimed
  effects S(Coagulation, toxin separation).
  
  Other commercialized eg (UV Pure, Phonix
  Science and Technology, LG Innotek ) ?
  
  
  WM
  Fully rejected Prolonged UV treatment combined
  with other processes(pressure, distillation-conden
  sation repetition, temperature, cavitation,
  electrolysis) produces electrically active
  capacity holding or bioenhancing effect
  water(Penta AquaRX)

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31
8Aeration, Aerobic Bacteria, Anaerobic
Digestion Effect mix of Accepted, Disputed,
Rejected by (WM)

• 8 Aeration Aerobic Bacteria Activation(See
  ?Anaerobic Digestion 6 pages later) Also see
  30'EM, 13'Nanobubble/Finebubble/Microbubble
• Air or oxygen as dissolved in water is circulated
  so that aerobic bacteria is activated to consume
  organic waste faster. Most std process in many
  parts of drinking water waste water treatments,
  but not in other processes. There are less
  deployed but notable combined stronger claims
  with Ultrasonic, Microbubble(down to more
  effective Nanobubble/Ultrafine Bubble) for
  enhanced effects.
• WM Accepted widely used effects C(Algae
  stifling) different elements can make the process
  ineffective, S(Coagulation), H(oil-water
  separation) std process, J(waste water
  cleaning) Although activated sludge process with
  separate aeration settling tanks are starting
  to become common amongst existing sewer waste
  water treatment system, Membrane BioReactor
  MBR(faster processing smaller space taking,
  scalable sizing) is already mainstream standard
  on new installation level(Bio Microbics). Some
  claim to function with 1/2 size of regular MBR
  tank size(Kubota), ?--gtgtcont
  
  
  

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32
8Aeration, Aerobic Bacteria, Anaerobic Digestion
continued 2 Aeration Aerobic Bacteria 2

• --gtgtcont WM Accepted widely used effects
  J(wastewater aeration)
  
• Other competitive low cost effective aerations
  by i- selecting bacteria that needs less
  oxygen(American Water NPXpress),
  ii- very high oxygen
  retention large biofilm area generation
  Membrane Aerated Biofilm ReactorMABR(Emefcy, GE
  water ZeeLung, OxyMem ), aerating nano ceramic
  "gill"(BioGill), similar?(Microvi), iii- deep
  vertical underground shaft with separate up/down
  controlled flow to maximize hyperbaric
  oxygenation(NORAM VERTREAT), iv- pressurized
  oxygen feeding with rotating ceramic membrane
  disc that diffuses fouling(Grundfos BioBooster),
  v- Aerobic and
  Anaerobic processes take place alternatingly
  (AtlasEnergyTech - Baswood BioViper), vi-
  Simple containerized highly adoptable non reactor
  type single-pass treatment by advanced composite
  polymer material enhanced biofilm filter media
  system(Island Water Tech REGEN), --gtgtcontinued
  
  
  
  

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8Aeration, Aerobic Bacteria, Anaerobic Digestion
continued 3 Aeration Aerobic Bacteria 3

• --gtgtcont WM Accepted widely used effects
  J(wastewater aeration)
  
  Other competitive low cost effective aerations
  by
• vii- Unique low maintenance tray based compact
  Air Stripping system(not packed tower which is
  mainstream in many nationsTonka Water, Layne
  Christensen) that removes almost all toxic VOC
  Volatile Organic Compounds (QED Environmental
  Systems, Carbonair),
  viii- Supersaturated /concentrated air
  or oxygen dissolved in water by bubble size
  pressure control etc(BlueInGreen) ix-
  Combination of aeration and hydrodynamic
  cavitation(??????????)
  
  This is not really
  aeration, but at about 10 size of equivalent
  performing conventional primary treatment
  settling tank with 1/2 power use with improved
  overall performance by Rotating Belt
  Filtration(screen belt) is still not well
  propagated in some markets(Hydro International
  Hydro MicroScreen, Blue Water Eco MAT), same
  mechanics with sludge dewatering added(Salsnes
  Filter)
  --gtgtcontinued
  
  
  

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8Aeration, Aerobic Bacteria, Anaerobic Digestion
continued 4 Aeration Aerobic Bacteria 4

• --gtcont WM Accepted widely used effects J(waste
  water cleaning) Membrane BioReactor(MBR)
  
  
  In addition to smaller
  tank, 20-30 less energy use low CAPEX by
  aerobic granular sludge generating quicker
  setting(Royal HaskoningDHV Nereda) initiated by
  Delft Univ.(There is slight disputing on
  effectiveness at media level)
• Although some universities in West pioneer new
  water technology commercialization, This group
  from Netherlands has most frequently been the
  driving force of bringing in previous
  pseudoscience into WM as science legal effects.
  Often when they publish western unapproved but
  non western nations granted effects, suddenly it
  becomes "discovered" other western scientists
  can officially start studying it for the first
  time.
• L(Drinking water production) Slow Sand
  Filter(SSF) by biofilm effect(schmutzdecke) has
  been long used as very effective low cost method
  with essentially only cost is occasional sand
  cleaning. Mostly replaced by "new conventional"
  methods since around 1950s by exaggerated media
  ineffectiveness appeal, lack of profitability
  (when this system is sold compared to other
  mechanical-chemical types) short term land
  sales profit in low cost land area, and genuinely
  higher cost in super high land cost area.

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8Aeration, Aerobic Bacteria, Anaerobic Digestion
continued 5 Aeration Aerobic Bacteria 5

• --gtgt cont WM Accepted L(Drinking water
  production) Slow Sand Filter(SSF) by biofilm
  effect(schmutzdecke)
  
  
  Its high effectiveness in removing
  heavy metal to undesired bacteria is not fully WM
  explained. Also effective as activated sludge
  combined waste water treatment is now becoming
  under-utilized status on new installation basis,
  replaced by another bio process MBR(Membrane
  BioReactor).
• Given established economic system, more suitable
  to install new in poor nations with low cost land
  that doesn't disrupt local overall business
  structure. With mechanical sand cleaning system,
  low cost labour is no longer essential. Cost
  competitiveness diminishes in long freezing
  season area(BioSand Filter - Manz Engineering,
  Bushproof, South Asia Pure Water Initiative),
  Often due to low profitability(too cheap) notable
  NGOs handling rather than prv companies(similar
  phenomena to solar desalination or atmospheric
  water collector)(DHAN Vayalagam foundation), but
  some eco conscious Western companies are taking
  up again(Osmo Sistemi)
• J(waste water cleaning) effect in sludge
  digestion by some high aeration methods has
  WM media occasionally
  Disputed portion as to whether non-conventional
  aeration methods are much more effective than
  regular aeration types. In certain
  applications/situations some are reported to
  demonstrate disruptively increased effectiveness
  in following types Spiral aerator type(Pax Water
  Technologies), Z(bioenhancement, extra plant
  growth)(Seair inc)
  --gtgtcontinued

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8Aeration, Aerobic Bacteria, Anaerobic Digestion
continued 6 Aeration Aerobic Bacteria 6

• --gtgtcont J(waste water cleaning) WM media
  occasionally Disputed Portion
  Bottom up spiral vortex
  bubble aerator(Hanasaki Bussan Neo Tornado),
  Bottom up slow pulsed air seems to save 50-95 of
  energy with low maintenance no moving parts
  mechanics variety of unconventional favorable
  side effects(Pulsair Systems, Pulsed Hydraulics
  inc, Geyser Pulse Pumps ) this tech is widely
  used for a long time by military types and many
  mainstream organizations in specific segment
• Oloid aeration for surface floating
  device(Oloid.ch) likely the most effective in
  exclusive surface aeration tech, BioCeramic
  contained microbe use(BioCleaner), Cavitation
  Jet(DynaSwirl), Some unidentified bacteria combo
  seem to have pseudoscientifically effective
  results(Sludge Solutions International), Adding
  infused microbubbles ultrasound(Blue Frog
  System) for smaller nanosized Ultra fine bubble
  aeration(Anzaimcs) see 13Nanobubble. For
  Vortex types see 11HydroDynamic Cavitation
  12Spiral Vortex Flow. For Aerobic/Anaerobic
  digestion also see 30EM.
• Generally WM Rejected effect D2(Human preferred
  selective herb-insect removing), G2(energy/fuel
  production), microbial EOR(New AERO technology)
  cleantech mainstream level acceptance is
  increasing.
• Unlisted Effect Unusually low energy use(80-90
  less) effective aeration decomposing of waste
  water when rapidly changing pressure was applied
  as liquid travels to out of rotating treating
  drums via settling tanks Bio-Disk Rotating
  Biological Contractor (????? ?????? ?????? .?.?
  E.P.C. ltd Bio-Disk)

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8Aeration, Aerobic Bacteria, Anaerobic Digestion
continued 7 Anaerobic Digestion(AD)

• ?Anaerobic Digestion(AD)(Anaerobic AnMBR)
  microbes consume waste content in water to
  produce methane gas(natural gas) in absence of
  oxygen, which can be used to produce power, some
  water treatment operations are net electricity
  exporter. Pre-treatment like mild hydrolysis etc
  increases digestion effectiveness
• WM Accepted effects, widely used in some nations,
  J(wastewater cleaning) specifically ammonia
  oxidation/decomposing Anammox Process(Anaerobic
  Ammonium Oxidation)(Paques nl, Kurita, DEMON
  GmbH, Hitachi), likely similar(Microvi). ?
  
  Also as four element
  combined effect of J(waste water
  cleaning)/P(sludge reduction)/C2(plant growth
  promote matter generating)/G2(energy fuel
  production) CHP(Combined Heat Power) use
  often at least to heat AD tank. There are
  installation gaps by n