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ROCKY SHORE ZONATION

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Title: ROCKY SHORE ZONATION


1
WEST BENGAL UNIVERSITY OF ANIMAL AND FISHERY
SCIENCESFACULTY OF FISHERY SCIENCES
  • A seminar on ROCKY SHORE ZONATION
  • Submitted to
  • Dr. S.K.ROUT
  • Dept. of AEM
  • Course AEM-124
  • Submitted by
  • SAYANTAN BHATTACHARJEE
  • FS-25/14
  • B. F. Sc-1ST Year 2ND SEM.

2
INTRODUCTION
  • A rocky shore is an intertidal area that consists
    of solid rocks. It is often a biologically rich
    environment and can include many different
    habitat types like steep rocky cliffs, platforms,
    rock pools and boulder fields.
  • Because of the continuously action of the tides,
    it is characterized by erosional features.
  • Together with the wind, sunlight and other
    physical factors it creates a complex
    environment.

3
FORMATION
  • Sufficient loose or unconsolidated material and a
    suitable coastal environment to allow the
    sediments to accumulate are key features in the
    formation of beaches.
  • The sediments can be terrigenous (land-derived),
    transported by rivers and streams or through
    erosion of coastal cliffs.
  • In tropical regions or places with a lack of
    land-derived material, sediments may be biogenous
    and consists of broken corals or shells.

4
Zonation
  • Each region on the coast has a specific group of
    organisms that form distinct horizontal bands or
    zones on the rocks.
  • The appearance of dominant species in these
    zones is called vertical zonation. It is a nearly
    universal feature of the intertidal zone.

5
ZONATION OF ROCKY SHORE
  • Horizontal Division-
  • Neritic region 0 200 mts depth
  • Oceanic region gt200 mts depth
  • Vertical division-
  • a.Pleuston region The transitional
    region in between the upper most sea surface and
    the air contact with it.
  • b.Pelagic region Region of whole water
    column associated with production.
  • Subdivision
  • Epipelagic (0-200 m depth)
  • Meso-pelagic (200-1000 m depth)
  • Bathy-pelagic (1000-4000 m depth)
  • c. Benthic region It includes the region of
    substratum(sandy, ,rocky,muddy,mangrove,coral
    reef,estuarine etc.)

6
Supratidal zone
  • This upper region is called the supratidal or
    splash zone. It is only covered during storms and
    extremely high tides and is moistened by the
    spray of the breaking waves.
  • Organisms are exposed to the drying heat of the
    sun in the summer and to extreme low temperatures
    in the winter. Common organisms are lichens. They
    are composed of fungi and microscopic algae
    living together and sharing food and energy to
    grow.

7
Intertidal zone
  • The intertidal zone or littoral zone is the
    shoreward fringe of the sea bed between the
    highest and lowest limit of the tides.
  • The upper limit is often controlled by
    physiological limits on species tolerance of
    temperature and drying.
  • The lower limit is often determined by the
    presence of predators or competing species.
  • Because the intertidal zone is a transition zone
    between the land and the sea, it causes heat
    stress, desiccation, oxygen depletion and reduced
    opportunities for feeding.

8
TYPES OF INTERTIDAL ZONE
  • High tide zone or high intertidal zone. This
    region is only flooded during high tides.
    Organisms that you can find here are anemones,
    barnacles, chitons, crabs,isopods, mussels, sea
    stars, snails,...
  • Middle tide zone or mid-littoral zone. This is a
    turbulent zone that is (un)covered twice a day.
    The zone extends from the upper limit of the
    barnacles to the lower limit of large brown algae
    (e.g. Laminariales, Fucoidales). Common organisms
    are snails, sponges, sea stars, barnacles,
    mussels, sea palms, crabs,...
  • Low intertidal zone or lower littoral zone. This
    region is usually covered with water. It is only
    uncovered when the tide is extremely low. In
    contrast to the other zones, the organisms are
    not well adapted to long periods of dryness or to
    extreme temperatures. The common organisms in
    this region are brown seaweed,crabs, hydroids,
    mussels, sea cucumber, sea lettuce, sea urchins,
    shrimps, snails, tube worms,

9
Subtidal zone
  • The subtidal zone or sublittoral zone is the
    region below the intertidal zone and is
    continuously covered by water.
  • This zone is much more stable than the
    intertidal zone. Temperature, water pressure and
    sunlight radiation remain nearly constant.
    Organisms do not dry out as often as organisms
    higher on the beach.
  • They grow much faster and are better in
    competition for the same niche. More essential
    nutrients are acquired from the water and they
    are buffered from extreme changes in temperature.

10
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11
Problems and adaptations
  • Air
  • Intertidal organisms are regularly exposed to air
    and water. Air differs physically from seawater
    in diverse and important features. This
    influences the ability to exchange gas and their
    overall thermal balance with the surrounding
    environment.
  • Light
  • Sunlight is another parameter that influences the
    organisms. When there is too much sunlight,
    organisms dry out and the capacity to capture
    light energy can be weakened.
  • Too little sunlight reduces the growth and
    reproduction of the organism, because
    photosynthesis is reduced.
  • Temperature
  • The intertidal zone can experience extreme
    temperature changes. The organisms in this zone
    must be resistant to these changes to survive.
    Most of the marine organisms are ectothermic and
    need the warmth from the environment to survive.
  • Salinity stress
  • Salinity stress can occur in the external medium
    and in surface films. The concentration of the
    fluids determines whether or not the organism
    will lose water.

12
CONCLUSION
  • Rocky Shore are used for
  • Providing a home for a lot of organisms
  • Nursery area for many fish and crustacean species
  • Shelter in areas where seaweeds break the waves
    power
  • Providing food for fishes
  • Algal beds important food source for rare and
    threatened species like sea turtles
  • Feeding ground at low tide for wading birds
  • Stabilization inshore sediment

13
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14
  • Reference
  • www.google.com
  • www.wikipedia.com
  • A TEXT BOOK ON ECOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
  • (M.PRASANTHRAJAN P.P.MAHENDRAN0)

15
THANK YOU
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