RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle With Laser Beam Arrangement

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
Introduction

• The project is designed to control a robotic
  vehicle by using a RF technology for remote
  operation. A low power laser light is interfaced
  for demonstrating the possibilities of destroying
  a distant object by its beam. An 8051 series of
  microcontroller is used for the desired
  operation. At the transmitting end using push
  buttons, commands are sent to the receiver to
  control the movement of the robot either to move
  forward, backward and left or right etc. At the
  receiving end two motors are interfaced to the
  microcontroller where they are used for the
  movement of the vehicle.

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
Block Diagram
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
Hardware Requirements

• 8051 series Microcontroller
• Push Buttons
• RF module
• Encoder
• Decoder
• Motor driver IC
• DC motors
• Resistors
• Capacitors
• Diodes
• Batteries
• Laser Pointer

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
Software Requirements

• Keil compiler
• Languages Embedded C or Assembly

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
Microcontroller 8051

• Microcontroller 8051 is designed in 1980s by
  Intel.
• It is a computer on chip type.
• It is 40 pin dip type ic.
• It is designed for performing special type
  operation to do specific jobs.

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
Microcontroller 8051

• It has four sets of i/o pins which can be used
  both input and output operations.
• It contains four ports.
• Each port contains 8 pins.
• The pin configuration is shown below

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
Pin diagram of 8051
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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
Pin diagram of 8051

• Pins 1-8it is said to be port 1 and it is used
  for input/output operations.
• Pin 9 is a reset pin.
• Pins 10-17 it is port 3 is also used for
  input/output operations but specially it has
  alternate operations
• Pin 10(RXD) - Serial asynchronous communication
  input or Serial synchronous communication output.

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
Pin diagram of 8051

• Pin 11(TXD) Serial asynchronous communication
  output or Serial synchronous communication clock
  output.
• Pin 12(INT 0)Interrupt 0 input.
• Pin 13(INT 1)Interrupt 1 input.
• Pin 14(T0)Counter 0 clock input.
• Pin 15(T1)Counter 1 clock input.

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
Pin diagram of 8051

• Pin 16(WR) Write to external (additional) RAM.
• Pin 17(RD)Read from external RAM.
• Pin 18 to 19(X1,X2)Internal oscillator.
• Pin 20(GND)Ground
• Pin 21-28(port 2) I/P or O/P port when no
  external memory is used. In case external memory
  is used, the higher address byte.

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
Pin diagram of 8051

• Pin 29 (PSEN) Program Store Enable.
• If external ROM is used for storing program then
  a logic zero (0) appears on it every time the
  microcontroller reads a byte from memory
• Pin 30 (ALE) Address Latch Enable
• Pin 31 (EA) Enable Access.
• To use program from an ext. memory(Logic zero),
  to use program from both int. as well as ext.
  memory (logic 1).

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
Pin diagram of 8051

• Pin 32-39 (port 0) -I/P or O/P when ALE is low
  and lower order address byte when ALE is high.
• Pin 40(Vcc) 5v power supply.

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
RF Transmitter and Receiver

• RF modules are normally divided into three
  groups, RF transmitter module
• RF receiver module and RF transceiver module
• 433MHz ASK transmitter and receiver is used for
  the remote control.

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
RF Transmitter Module Working

• An RF transmitter module is connected to the
  transmitter unit with the help of an encoder
  device.
• The push buttons of the transmitter are connected
  to the microcontroller as input switches.
• The commands are transferred to a receiver that
  controls the movement of the robot either in
  forward, backward, left or right directions
  corresponding to the buttons that are pressed on
  the transmitter end.

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
RF Transmitter Module Working

• An RF receiver is connected to the receiver end
  with the help of a decoder device.
• The two motors are interfaced to the
  microcontroller through a motor driver IC wherein
  they are used to move or change the directions of
  the moving robotic vehicle.

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
Features of RF

• Range in open space(Standard Conditions) 100
  Meters
• RX Receiver Frequency 433 MHz
• RX Typical Sensitivity 105 Dbm
• RX Supply Current 3.5 mA
• RX IF Frequency 1MHz
• Low Power Consumption

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
Features of RF

• Easy For Application
• RX Operating Voltage 5V
• TX Frequency Range 433.92 MHz
• TX Supply Voltage 3V 6V
• TX Out Put Power 4 12 Dbm

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
Robotic Vehicle Working

• The robot is controlled by an RF remote wherein
  the commands are sent by the transmitter
• Based on these commands, the receiver controls
  the directions of the robot.
• A laser beam is mounted on the robot's body whose
  operation is carried out by the microcontroller
  output through an appropriate signal from the
  transmitting end.
• The low power laser light used in this project is
  employed just for demonstration purpose only
  because high power ones are dangerous to use.

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
HT 12 ENCODER

• Operating voltage is 2.4V12V for the HT12E.
• Low power and high noise immunity CMOS technology
• Low standby current 0.1_A (typ.) at VDD5V
• HT12A with a 38kHz carrier for infrared
  transmission medium
• Minimum transmission words are Four words for the
  HT12E
• Built-in oscillator needs only 5 resistor

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
HT 12 ENCODER

• Data code has positive polarity
• Minimal external components
• HT12A/E 18-pin DIP/20-pin SOP package

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
HT12 DECODER

• Operating voltage 2.4V12V.
• Low power and high noise immunity CMOS
  technology.
• Low standby current.
• Capable of decoding 12 bits of information.
• Binary address setting.

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
HT12 DECODER

• Address/Data number combination for HT12D 8
  address bits and 4 data bits.
• Valid transmission indicator
• Minimal external components
• 18-pin DIP, 20-pin SOP package

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
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MOTOR DRIVER (L293D)

• Wide supply-voltage range 4.5V to 36V
• Separate input- logic supply
• Internal ESD protection
• Thermal shutdown
• High-Noise-Immunity input

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
MOTOR DRIVER (L293D)

• Functional Replacements for SGS L293 and SGS
  L293D
• Output current 1A per channel (600 mA for L293D)
• Peak output current 2 A per channel (1.2 A for
  L293D)
• Output clamp diodes for Inductive Transient
  suppression(L293D)

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
L293D Description

• L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated
  circuit (IC).
• In its common mode of operation, two DC motors
  can be driven simultaneously, both in forward and
  reverse direction.
• The motor operations of two motors can be
  controlled by input logic at pins 2 7 and 10
  15.
• Input logic 00 or 11 will stop the corresponding
  motor. Logic 01 and 10 will rotate it in
  clockwise and anticlockwise directions,
  respectively.

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
L293D Description

• Enable pins 1 and 9 (corresponding to the two
  motors) must be high for motors to start
  operating.
• When an enable input is high, the associated
  driver gets enabled

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
DC- MOTOR

• A DC motor is an electric motor that runs on
  direct current (DC) electricity.
• In any electric motor, operation is based on
  simple electromagnetism.

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
DC- MOTOR

• A simple 2-pole DC electric motor (here red
  represents a magnet or winding with a "North"
  polarization, while green represents a magnet or
  winding with a "South" polarization).
• Every DC motor has six basic parts -- axle, rotor
  (a.k.a., armature), stator, commutator, field
  magnet(s), and brushes.

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
BC547 (NPN Transistor)

• The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial Silicon
  Transistor.
• It is used in general-purpose switching and
  amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V, 100 mA NPN
  general-purpose transistors.
• The ratio of two currents (Ic/Ib) is called the
  DC Current Gain of the device and is given the
  symbol of hfe or nowadays Beta, (ß).

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
BC547 (NPN Transistor)

• The current gain from the emitter to the
  collector terminal, Ic/Ie, is called Alpha, (a),
  and is a function of the transistor itself

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
Working Principle

• A low power laser light is interfaced for
  demonstrating the possibilities of destroying a
  distant object by its beam.
• An 8051 series of microcontroller is used for the
  desired operation.
• At the transmitting end using push buttons,
  commands are sent to the receiver to control the
  movement of the robot either to move forward,
  backward and left or right etc.
• At the receiving end two motors are interfaced to
  the microcontroller where they are used for the
  movement of the vehicle.

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
Working Principle

• The RF transmitter acts as a RF remote control
  that has the advantage of adequate range (up to
  200 meters) with proper antenna.
• While the receiver decodes before feeding it to
  another microcontroller to drive DC motors via
  motor driver IC for necessary work.
• A laser pen is mounted on the robot body and its
  operation is carried out from the microcontroller
  output through appropriate signal from the
  transmitting end.

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
Working Principle

• The laser light used is just for demonstration
  purpose and not a powerful one.
• Further the project can be enhanced using DTMF
  technology.
• Using this technology we can control the robotic
  vehicle by using cell phone.
• This technology has an advantage over long
  communication range as compared to RF technology.

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
Conclusion

• RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
  Arrangement , This project is designed to control
  a robotic vehicle by using a RF technology for
  remote operation. A low power laser light is
  interfaced for demonstrating the possibilities of
  destroying a distant object by its beam. An 8051
  series of microcontroller is used for the desired
  operation.

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RF Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Laser Beam
Arrangement
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