rabies

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RABIES

• Abhilasha sahu
• Abhilasha sahu

SUBMITTED TO- Dr. Madhu swamy Guided
By- Dr.Varsha sharma
SUBMITTED BY Babita uike Roll no. 4138 4th year
Batch - A
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DEFINITION

• Rabies is an acute infectious disease
  characterized by abnormal behaviour, nervous
  disturbances, ascending paralysis followed by
  death. All warm blooded animals are affected
  including man.
• Synonyms -
• hydrophobia
• lyssa
• mad dog
• Jalatanka

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ETIOLOGY- Classical Rabies virus

• Classification
• Order Mononegavirales
• Family Rhabdoviridae
• Genus Lyssa virus
  
• Species Classical rabies virus

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HOST

• .

• Extremely susceptible Fox, wolf and jackal.
• Highly susceptible Guinea pig, Bat, Mongoose,
  mice , rabbit, skunk and cattle.
• Moderately susceptible Dog, sheep, goat, horse
  and
• human.
• Resistant Poultry and opossum

FOX
BAT
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RESERVOIR

• Dogs, bats, skunks, racoons, foxes, cats etc

CAT
DOGS
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RACOON
FOX
SKUNK
BAT
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CLINICAL SIGNS

• I.P. 14 to 90 days may extend upto 14 yrs
• Deep wound I.P. increases
• Superficial wound I.P. decreases
• Disease depend upon dose, genotype, location of
  bite, severity of bite etc.
• 2 forms of rabies-
• - furious form excitative
• - dumb form paralytic

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• Furious form-
• aggressiveness, restlessness,
  hyperexcitability, tendency to bite inanimate
  object encephalitis increase in it lead to
  dumb form
• Dumb form-
• muscle weakness, difficulty in swallowing,
  profuse salivation dropping of jaw, paralysis,
  coma, respiratory arrest death

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DIAGNOSIS

• SAMPLE-
• Dead hippocampus, thalamus, cerebral cortex
  medulla oblongata
• Live salivanot important in case of
  animals
• samples should be collected in virus transport
  media at 4C for longer time it should be
  stored at -70C temp

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• DETECTION OF VIRAL ANTIGEN IN SPECIMEN-
• Sample brain tissue
• Tests FAT gold standard test, IPT, ELISA,
  RIDT rapid immunodiagnostic test
• DETECTION OF VIRAL NUCLIEC ACID-
• Test RT-PCR

Negri Body
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• VIRUS ISOLATION-
• 1- CELL CULTURE-
• neuroblastoma cells, CCL 1311, BHK-21
• No CPE
• 2- ANIMAL INOCULATION-
• 3-10 mice of 3-4 wks
• route intracerebrally, observed for 28
  days
• Dead mice is examined for presence of virus
  via FAT

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• IDENTIFICATION OF VIRUS-
• Monoclonal Ab, NA probes, PCR followed by NA
  sequencing
• DEMONSTRATION OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST VIRUS-
• VN test- virus is slow growing so useFAVN
  fluorescent antibody virus neutralisation,
  RFFIT rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test,
  Indirect ELISA

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• CONTROL BY VACCINATION-

•  
• Pre exposure immunization
  . FIRST DOSE- starts at 12th week
  age,
• SECOND DOSE- 28 days later,
• THIRD DOSE- one year later,
• FOURTH DOSE - three years later.
• Post exposure immunization  0, 3, 7, 14, 28
• 90 days after exposure.

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CONTROL
CONTROL (as per the WHO
recommendations)

• Compulsory immunization of dogs.
• Notification of suspected cases, and destruction
  of suspected rabid animal.
• Sterilization and vaccination of stray dogs by
  using baits
• Epidemiological Surveillance
• Education of Public
• Development of cost effective
• vaccine

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• THANK YOU