Undergarments Presentation

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What is UnderGarments?
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• A garment  worn under outer garments,
   especially one worn next to the
  skin.Undergarments are items of clothing worn
  beneath outer clothes, usually in direct contact
  with the skin, although they may comprise more
  than a single layer. They serve to keep outer
  garments from being soiled or damaged by bodily
  excretion, to lessen the friction of outerwear
  against the skin, to shape the body, and to
  provide concealment or support for parts of it.
  In cold weather, long underwear is sometimes worn
  to provide additional warmth.

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A BRIEF HISTORY OF UNDERWEAR

• Ancient history
• The ancient Egyptians sometimes wore loincloths.
  The Romans also wore underwear. Both Roman men
  and women wore a loincloth or shorts called
  subligaculum. Women also wore a band of cloth or
  leather around their chest called a
  strophium.

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• During the Middle Ages men word linen shorts
  called braies but women did not wear knickers
  until the 19th century. Their only underwear was
  a long linen garment called a shift, which they
  wore under their dress. From the 16th century
  women wore corsets made with whalebone.

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19th Century Underwear
In the 19th century underwear became much more
elaborate. At the beginning of the 1900s women
still wore a long nightie-like garment under
their dress but it was now called a chemise not a
shift. However after about 1800s they also wore
drawers. Sometimes they came to below the knee or
sometimes they were longer garments with frills
at the bottom called pantalettes. However by the
1830s only girls not women wore pantalettes.
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At first women's drawers were usually very
plain but in the late 19th century they were
decorated with lace and bands. In the Winter
women often wore woolen knickers and woolen
vests.
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Victorian women's underwear were sometimes called
bloomers. Elizabeth Miller invented loose
trousers to be worn by women. The idea was
promoted by Amelia Bloomer from 1849 and they
became known as bloomers. In time long underwear
became known as bloomers.
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By the late 19th century in Britain men's
underwear were called pants. Men also wore vests.
Some men wore combinations, pants and vest in one
garment.
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In the 19th century knickers came down to
well below the knee. In the 1920s they became
shorter. They ended above the knee. By the 1940s
and 1950s many women wore briefs. In the 1970s
knickers became briefer still. In the 1990s
thongs became popular. Men's underwear also
became shorter. The word drawers went out of use
and they became known as underpants or pants.
Y-fronts went on sale in the USA in 1935. They
went on sale in Britain in 1938. Boxer shorts
were introduced in the 1940s.
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20th Century Underwear

• In the 19th century women's underwear was usually
  open between the legs but in the 20th century
  closed knickers replaced them.

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Present Underwear as OuterwearTaking cue
from Madonna in the 2000s, the line between
outerwear and underwear has been blurred as more
women embrace the trend of showing off their
lingerie rather than keeping it under wraps.
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Making process of UnderWears

• RAW AND AUXILIARY MATERIALS The major raw
  material required for the production of knitted
  underwearS is cotton yarn. The raw material can
  be procured from local markets.

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• UTILITIES Utilities required by the plant
  include water and electricity. Electricity is
  required to create motive power for running
  production equipment, and for lighting and power
  sockets. Water is used for human consumption and
  other purposes.

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• Technology The technology of knitted underwear
  production can be supplied from machinery
  suppliers in Europe, China, India and the Far
  East (including Japan).

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• Production Process The following unit of
  operations are involved in the production of
  knitted underwears. These are- a) Winding,
  b) Knitting, c) Inspection, and d) Cutting
  and stitching.

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• a) Winding The raw material, cotton yarn, which
  has been delivered, is wound on a cone which is
  most suitable for knitting. The yarn is oiled
  while being wound on to the cone. Oiling will
  make the yarn to slide well and prevent damage
  during knitting.

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• b) Knitting The wound yarn is set on a
  knitting machine and is knitted into circular
  fabric. In circular knitting the latch needle is
  enclosed in the needle groove. The needle is
  moved up and down or horizontally by the circular
  rotation of a can. Loop is knitted,
  automatically.

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• c) Inspection After the knitting is completed,
  the fabric will be inspected for knitting damage
  and other flows. Fabrics which have defect will
  be mended.

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• d) Cutting and Stitching Finally, the fabric
  will be cut into different sizes and then
  stitching will be done.

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Final process

• Garments obtained from the sewing section will
  normally have some dirt/ stains which are to be
  eliminated by treating them with mild soap
  solution in garment washing machine. Excess water
  is to be removed from the garments by charging in
  hydro-extractor and dried in garments drying
  tumbler. Final checking is done by placing
  individual pieces on the checking table so that
  any fault and protruding thread in the piece may
  be removed. The individual pieces are pressed by
  pressing man to remove the wrinkle marks in the
  piece and packed in the paper board boxes
  specifically available for the purpose.

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