Pneumonia: A case study of Lobar Pneumonia

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Pneumonia A case study of Lobar Pneumonia

• On November 12, the world will celebrate Global
  Pneumonia Day with special focus on child
  pneumonia. Pneumonia is a common illness that
  currently affects 450 million people a year,
  especially children from lower income African
  nations. Other high risk nations include China,
  India and Pakistan. Advanced nations like
  European nations and USA have less than 100
  persons per 100,000 suffering from pneumonia.

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• Types of pneumonia
• Pneumonia may be of various types based on causes
  and places of occurrence. Based on type of
  transmission it may be
• Hospital acquired Acquired during the course of
  a stay in the hospital for another disease.
• Community acquired Acquired through social
  contact.
• Based on cause, pneumonia may be of the following
  types
• Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia
  (BOOP) which is caused by the inflammation of the
  lungs.
• Eosinophilic Pneumonia which is caused by the
  attack of the lungs by a kind of white blood
  cells.
• Chemical Pneumonia caused by chemical toxins and
  pesticides.
• Aspiration Pneumonia caused by aspirating
  materials.
• Dust Pneumonia caused by dust allergies.
• Opportunistic Pneumonia which occurs in people
  with weak immunity like HIV/AIDS patients.
• Necrotizing Pneumonia caused by necrosis of the
  lung cells.
• Double Pneumonia where both lungs are affected.
• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) which is
  caused by a SARS virus, a special kind of
  pathogen.

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Finally based on the areas affected, pneumonia
may be divided into Lobal
or affecting a single lobe. Multi-lobal or
affecting both the lobes. And bronchial or
affecting the bronchi. Here is a case study of
patient suffering from a community acquired lobal
pneumonia. On April 13, a six-year-old male child
was admitted to an MSF (or doctors without
borders, an international medical humanitarian
organization) hospital in Congo, a central
African country. Patient History The patient is
a six-year-old male child suffering from a severe
case of lobar pneumonia. The patient is severely
malnourished weighing less than 40 lbs.
Investigation revealed that the patient concerned
has had frequent bouts of respiratory problems
since birth. However, he has never been
hospitalized since his village has no public
hospital. Thus, most probably, the victim has
been infected by other diseased community members
of his tribe.
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Symptoms Preliminary investigations revealed the
following symptoms ? Continuous coughing with
occasional sputum. ? Chest pain ? Fever and
high temperature Diagnosis Clinical suspicion
revealed that the lungs have been infected by
Streptococcus pneumonia, a human pathogenic
bacterium, which is responsible for the primary
symptoms. Clinical culture of the sputum
confirmed the suspicion. The secondary symptoms
(recurrent fever, weakness etc.) are being caused
by the immunity deficiency of child who is
severely malnourished. Treatment The patient
has been given oral antibiotics with plenty of
fluid and rest. The patient was discharged after
seventy two hours of observation. Medical advice
The patient has been advised to follow the
course of oral anti-biotic for a week followed by
a further check up. Till then, exposure to cold,
smoke and dust should be avoided. Are you
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