Gingivitis (Mild Gum Disease)

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Gingivitis

• SYMPTOMSCAUSES TREATMENT

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INTRODUCTION TO GINGIVITIS

• Gingivitis is mild gum disease.
• It is an infection caused by germs called
  bacteria, that hurts your gums.
• Occurs when buildup of plaque (sticky film) on
  teeth and gums. Plaque contains bacteria that can
  irritate your gums, and cause and infection.
• Gingivitis can effect at any age. It can be
  identified by pink, swollen and inflamed gums.
• The bacteria residing in plaque product acid by
  reacting with the food and cause gingivitis.

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CAUSES OF GINGIVITIS

• Aggressive tooth brushing
• Blood disorders like leukaemia
• Deficiency in vitamins especially Vitamin C
• Dry mouth
• Formation of plaque that can cause tooth decay
  and gum infection
• Hormonal changes (especially during pregnancy
  puberty, and menopause which makes the blood
  tissues in the gums to be more vulnerable to
  bacterial infection
• Incorrect dental prosthetic
• Malocclusion (improper positioning of the upper
  and lower teeth when the jaw is closed)

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CONTINUE- CAUSES OF GINGIVITIS

• Medications that can cause gum disease such as
  anti-seizure drugs
• Mouth breathing that leaves the gums unprotected
  and can cause irritation and inflammation
• Overlapping, crooked, or rotated teeth
• Poor dental hygiene
• Poor nutrition and eating habits that increase
  plaque formation
• Stress that can cause damage to the immune system
• Smoking or use of tobacco products
• Reaction to oral contraceptives

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SYMPTOMS OF GINGIVITIS

• The bacteria that grow in tartar tend to irritate
  the gum at the base of the teeth, called gingiva,
  which in turn, gives rise to a number of annoying
  symptoms.
• Gingivitis is commonly known as bleeding gums.
  Therefore, one of the most obvious signs is that
  the gums start bleeding easily. It is a
  particularly common occurrence while brushing or
  flossing.
• Red and swollen gums is another clear sign of
  gingivitis. If the gums are badly inflamed, then
  they turn soft and puffy. Occasionally, the gums
  may become extremely tender and sensitive.

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CONTINUE- SYMPTOMS OF GINGIVITIS

• When the gums are healthy, then their tissue is
  firm, and they are pale pink in color. If
  infected, the color changes to bright red or
  purplish red.
• Receding gums is another problem faced by people
  suffering from gingivitis.
• Sometimes, mouth sores may develop on the gum
  surface.
• All the above mentioned symptoms could be
  accompanied by bad breath , or a bad taste in the
  mouth due to the growth of bacteria in the mouth.

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TREATMENT OF GINGIVITIS

• Bleeding clotting times and platelet count of
  the patient should be checked and the
  Hematologist consulted before periodontal
  treatment.
• The enlargement is treated by scaling and root
  planing carried out in stages under topical
  anesthesia.
• The initial treatment consists of gently removing
  all loose accumulations with cotton pellets.
• Progressively deeper scaling are carried out at
  subsequent visits.
• Antibiotics are administered systemically the
  evening before and for 48 hours after each
  treatment to reduce the risk of infection.