Hematuria (Blood in the urine): Symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment.

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Hematuria (Blood in the urine)
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What is Hematuria ?

• Hematuria is the presence of blood or blood cells
  in the urine. Hematuria can be called either
  gross or microscopic. 
• Gross hematuria occurs when there is enough blood
  present in the urine that it is visible to the
  naked eye. Can turn toilet water colour pale pink
  or bright red.
• Microscopic hematuria is a result of there being
  an amount of blood in the urine that can only be
  seen through a microscope.

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Symptoms of Hematuria

• Although blood in the urine is not always a
  significant symptom of disease, it can be an
  important warning sign to a possible health
  problem. Bloody urine should never be ignored.
  Contact your doctor right away if there is blood
  in your urine, especially if you are also
  suffering from 
• Frequent, painful or urgent urination
• Nausea, vomiting, fever, or pain in your abdomen

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Causes of Hematuria

• Urinary tract infection (UTI)
• Pyelonephritis (UTI that has reached as far as
  the kidney)
• Urinary stone disease
• Enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hypertrophy)
• Injury to the urinary tract
• Kidney (renal) disease
• Bladder cancer
• Kidney cancer
• Prostate cancer
• Urine can also change colours due to food
  choices. Foods such as beets, blackberries, and
  rhubarb, as well as food with a lot of dyes, can
  cause your urine to change colour. 

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Diagnosis of Hematuria

• Urinalysis A test on a urine sample
• Complete blood count (CBC) A test on a blood
  sample that measures red and white blood cell
  levels, platelet levels, and iron levels
• Cystoscopy A test that uses a device called a
  cytoscope to look at the inside of the bladder
  and urethra
• Computed tomography (CT) scan A test that uses
  X-rays and computers to make cross-sectional
  images of the abdomen and pelvis
• Abdominal ultrasound A test that uses sound
  waves to make an image of the abdomen, including
  the kidneys

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Treatment of Hematuria  

• The treatment of hematuria depends strongly on
  the actual cause of blood in the urine. The
  information collected from the medical history,
  physical exam, and any test results will be used
  to determine the best treatment option. For
  hematuria that is caused by a urinary tract
  infection, for example, a common treatment is the
  use of antibiotics. These antibiotics work to
  kill the bacteria causing the urinary tract
  infection, which should stop the bleeding. 

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Risk Factors of Hematuria

• People who are most likely to have blood in their
  urine are those with existing diseases that are
  known to cause hematuria, such as the ones listed
  in the section related to causes of hematuria.
  However, certain actions may increase a persons
  chances of having blood in their urine. These
  include 
• Smoking
• Overuse of pain medications
• Exposure to certain chemicals
• Exposure to radiation
• Running or jogging for long distances
• Avoiding these actions may decrease the chances
  of having blood in your urine.

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Preventions of Hematuria

• To prevent hematuria related to strenuous
  exercise, switch to a less-intense exercise
  program. In general, you can help to prevent
  other forms of hematuria by following a lifestyle
  that fosters a healthy urinary tract
• Stay well hydrated. Drink about eight glasses of
  fluid daily (more during hot weather).
• Avoid smoking cigarettes, which are linked to
  urinary tract cancers.

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Complications of Hematuria

• The complications of hematuria vary based on the
  underlying pathological conditions. Formation of
  kidney stones and kidney failure are some of the
  general complications.

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Contact the Doctor

• Blood in the urine should never be ignored. It is
  very important to contact your doctor or health
  care provider if you see blood in your urine or
  if you have other symptoms related to hematuria. 

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