Hematuria (Blood in the urine): Symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment

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HEMATURIA (BLOOD IN THE URINE)

• SYMPTOMS CAUSES DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT

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INTRODUCTION TO HEMATURIA

• Hematuria is the presence of blood or blood cells
  in the urine. Hematuria can be called either
  gross or microscopic.
• Simply when there is sufficient blood present to
  color the color red or brown 
• Gross hematuria occurs when there is enough blood
  present in the urine that it is visible to the
  naked eye. Can turn toilet water colour pale pink
  or bright red.
• Microscopic hematuria is a result of there being
  an amount of blood in the urine that can only be
  seen through a microscope.

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WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF HEMATURIA

• Although blood in the urine is not always a
  significant symptom of disease, it can be an
  important warning sign to a possible health
  problem. Bloody urine should never be ignored.
  Contact your doctor right away if there is blood
  in your urine, especially if you are also
  suffering from 
• Frequent, painful or urgent urination
• Sometimes, however the blood cannot be seen by
  the naked eye.
• Nausea, vomiting, fever, or pain in your abdomen

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WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF HEMATURIA?

• There can be a number of different causes of
  hematuria, some more serious than others. These
  conditions include, but are not limited to 
• Urinary tract infection (UTI)
• Pyelonephritis (UTI that has reached as far as
  the kidney)
• Urinary stone disease
• Enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hypertrophy)
• Injury to the urinary tract
• Kidney (renal) disease
• Bladder cancer
• Kidney cancer
• Prostate cancer

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HOW IS HEMATURIA DIAGNOSED?

• Urinalysis A test on a urine sample
• Complete blood count (CBC) A test on a blood
  sample that measures red and white blood cell
  levels, platelet levels, and iron levels
• Cystoscopy A test that uses a device called a
  cytoscope to look at the inside of the bladder
  and urethra
• Computed tomography (CT) scan A test that uses
  X-rays and computers to make cross-sectional
  images of the abdomen and pelvis
• Abdominal ultrasound A test that uses sound
  waves to make an image of the abdomen, including
  the kidneys

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HOW IS HEMATURIA TREATED? 

• The treatment of hematuria depends strongly on
  the actual cause of blood in the urine. The
  information collected from the medical history,
  physical exam, and any test results will be used
  to determine the best treatment option.
• For hematuria that is caused by a urinary tract
  infection, for example, a common treatment is the
  use of antibiotics. These antibiotics work to
  kill the bacteria causing the urinary tract
  infection, which should stop the bleeding. 

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WHO IS AT RISK FOR HEMATURIA? 

• People who are most likely to have blood in their
  urine are those with existing diseases that are
  known to cause hematuria, such as the ones listed
  in the section related to causes of hematuria.
  However, certain actions may increase a persons
  chances of having blood in their urine. These
  include 
• Smoking
• Overuse of pain medications
• Exposure to certain chemicals
• Exposure to radiation
• Running or jogging for long distances
• Avoiding these actions may decrease the chances
  of having blood in your urine.

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